تظهير الأفلام بواسطة الوعاء ( Tank Developing film ) -١- كتاب فن التصوير الفوتوغرافي

Endorsement of films by container (Tank Developing film) -1-

Endorsement of films

Taking pictures is an exciting art for sure, but endorsing and printing your own photo film is the most exciting part because of the potential for innovation and amazing experiences.
In this regard, you should, step by step, endorse your own black and white film if you have minimal darkroom equipment. (We call the dark room a small or large place from which the outside light can be completely isolated, and it is equipped with a set of tools that we will mention later).

We will also discuss some imaging-related chemistry, including the components and function of the developer, the reaction and fixation bath, and the importance of washing and drying the film.

- Endorsement of films by container (Tank Developing film)

Endorsement of the film is a very simple process, but it must be done in the right way.
There are many ways to endorse films, and we will start here with the simplest method after showing it step by step. And after you have mastered it by endorsing a few films, you can move on to trying other, more complex methods.

All the tools we need are shown in Figure 1: They are:
- Developing Tank.
- Two metal clips for the film.
- Thermometer .
- Metal rod for moving.
A container with a capacity of at least half a liter.
Repression.
Developer material.
Fixer.

Appearance and stabilizer can be obtained in powder form or in concentrated liquid form.
The liquid is easier to use, but it is more expensive, and we will use in our experiments the materials in powder form.

Put these tools and materials in a room that can be completely darkened and equipped with running water, cold and hot, (a bathroom room that is not lit is suitable for this).
Dissolve the content of the sachet of the presenting substance in the water, and follow the instructions written on the sachet carefully. This process can be done in the light.
The next step is to place the photographic film inside the endorsement container. Since this process must be done in the dark, it is advisable to practice it in the light, using a bad film.

When you are sure that you have mastered the process, turn off the light and wait two minutes or more for your eyes to get used to the darkness, then make sure that the light does not leak through the door or windows. Put a thick curtain on the window, or a sheet behind the door. In all cases, do not start work before making sure that the room does not penetrate into the light.
If the film is of the normal rolled type, which is surrounded by a protective paper, remove the paper after “straightening” the film in the dark and the film will return to wrapping automatically. Feel on which page the sensitive layer is located, it is always on the inside of the fascia.

35 mm films are not kept in a roll of paper, but rather in a light-proof metal container. Hold the container with the middle spool down and press it firmly, then remove the cap by pulling it off on a hard edge such as the edge of a table, which allows you to remove the spool with the film on it. Some Kodak films cannot be opened in this way, and a glass opener must be used. Leave the film wrapped around the reel, and cut its end in a square shape with scissors so that you can insert it and fold it on the wheel of the endorsement container.

Take out the wheel from inside the endorsement container, roll the film on it, and be careful not to touch the film except from its sides, so as not to spoil some of the photos by leaving your fingerprints on them. As for the correct winding direction of the film, it varies according to the type of container used. Therefore, strictly follow the instructions of the maker of this bowl.

Wheels for wrapping film in containers are of two types. One type in which the film is pushed into a slot from the outside, and the other type in which the film is fixed on the reel and then wrapped on it.

In the first type, cut the sharp sides of the film head in a round shape, and push the film into the slot and make it enter coiled inside and make sure that the sensitive film is facing the roll inward.

As for the second type, hold the film with your right hand pressing gently on it so that it cuts and enters within the two edges of the wheel or the pulley - picture 2 - lift the pulley with your left hand and fix the end of the film on the hook prepared for that, taking into account that the sensitive layer side is inward. Roll the film by rotating the reel, keeping a slight pressure on its sides. Be careful not to twist the film, because that leaves a trace when it is endorsed and printed. Put the cupboard inside the container, and tighten its lid. Now you can re-light the room.

The temperature of the endorsement material is very important, and the time required for endorsement by means of it is usually given to a temperature of 68 Fahrenheit, which is equivalent to 20 degrees Celsius. Some showing solutions are designed to operate at 70 degrees Fahrenheit (11.21 degrees).
Celsius, so you should read the instructions attached to the used solution.

We'll assume that we're using a 20 °C solution here. Check the temperature of the solution. If it is higher than 20 degrees, place the bottle of the solution in a larger container and let cold water run around it. But if the temperature of the solution is less than 20 ° C, make hot water flow around the bottle, and when its temperature is set at 20 ° C, you are ready to work.

Important note: Do not add pieces of ice to a hot solution to cool it, because the melted water from the ice dilutes the concentration of the solution and reduces its strength.

Before pouring the solution into the container containing the film, you must know the period of time required for endorsement accurately. This time period varies according to the temperature of the solution, the type of film and the chemical composition of the solution.
After you set the temperature of the solution to 20 degrees Celsius, the film and the type of appearance remain, and you will find the necessary information about them on the cover of the film, as well as the instructions attached to the solution giving you the period required for endorsement.