المواد الكيميائية .. كتاب طبع وتحميض الصور الفوتوغرافية

Chemicals :

Some of them, as we talked about earlier, need three main materials: the appearance, the endowment bath, and the stabilizer (hippo). These materials are sold either in the form of a liquid or in the form of a powder (powder) that is mixed with water according to certain sequences and standards that usually come with it to obtain the necessary fluids for work, which are called storage solutions, and work with these liquids needs to be diluted with water according to certain proportions to obtain work solutions. 1- Appearance: There are many types of finishes in the market and you may need different types in order to delve into various types of endorsements. Photographic films and paper claiming that they achieve the highest levels of quality if they are used with their photographic products. For example, the instructions attached to displays produced by Kodak and Akva advise using their films exclusively with those displays, although it is practically possible to use Kodak skin, for example, to endorse a film produced by Akva without affecting the Quality

Results . There are other types of finishes that can be used with several brands of films, according to the accompanying instructions. There are also appearances that can be used to endorse films and paper at the same time, such as the appearance of Kodak D - 2 ford P Q and others.
It is advisable not to resort to such endorsements, as they do not give the ideal result in the endorsement of any paper or film. It is preferable to use a special appearance for the film and another for the paper separately.

b- Grainy appearance: Some appearances are specially made to be used with films

Paid. Other coatings are also made for normal use, and in both cases the coatings differ in the degree to which they show the grains. Some companies claim that their solutions produce films that are free from dripping and the grainy appearance. It remains that paid films will show grains more clearly than normally acidified films, no matter how we resort to means to mitigate that. There are many coatings that are used with films that are exposed normally, and they can be purchased from photographic equipment stores. We mention, for example, that Kodak 76, Hc-110, H. General form: Some coatings are available in liquid form, while others are available in the form of Powder Some appearances are also produced for one-time use only, after which they are disposed of, and some are produced for the purpose of using them more than once. In any case, the raw solution (or storage solution) will deteriorate after a certain period of time that must be taken into account when purchasing any appearance. More quickly than others, and the solutions can be distinguished when buying them by their name, for example, Kodak Fixer, which works at normal speed, is called Kodak Fixer.

While the solution with a quick result is called Kodak Rapid Fixer. Preparation of the necessary materials: Mix the solutions you need before doing the endorsement in sufficient time. Do not mix large quantities of them, as when mixing solutions with water, they will be subject to corruption more quickly than if they were not mixed. Any solutions (storage) Keep the solutions that you have mixed in clean, tightly closed bottles. It does not matter whether the containers are glass or plastic. The important thing is that you do not use any of them to preserve the type The last of the solutions even after emptying it Stick labels on each bottle and write on it clearly the type of solution and the date it was mixed The instructions for diluting the solutions are usually mentioned in the instructions paper that comes with the containers of the solutions Follow these instructions carefully to ensure that you get

for the best results. Purchase a graduated container to measure the exact amount of solutions you will use. There are different types of containers available, and we advise you to stay away from buying glass containers, as they are very expensive, in addition to being easy to break.

games

Chemical solutions containers...

Required Equipment :

The film is usually kept in an airtight container against any light leakage. Any ray of light, even if it is small, will affect the film, and for this you must make absolutely sure that the room from which the film will be removed from its packaging is free of any light leakage. Sometimes the leakage is so small that the human eye does not feel it, but the light-sensitive film will be affected by it, which leads to obtaining a film with a blurry tinge. Therefore, we recommend that you remove the film from its packaging in a photographic exchange bag. The exchange bag is cheap. It is a bag made of thick cloth and rubber. It consists of a double-zippered inner bag and two openings for entering the hands. They stick to the hand from the wrist side tightly with strong rubber. Thus, the exchange bag forms a small dark room by itself that makes it easier for you to work, eliminating the need for you to enter the dark room.
photographic exchange bag.
After you take the film out of its packaging while it is inside the replacement bag, put it in the developing container reel (tank) that is also in the replacement bag, then close the developing container and take it out to the light, then complete the endorsement process with confidence in the light, as the developing container is completely sealed against any light leakage inside it. The acidification pot has an opening in the top to pour liquids from it into the container while it is closed without the fear of any ray of light entering it.

There are different types of roasting pans, from cheap plastic to more expensive ones made of stainless steel. Comes with plastic types and plastic rollers

stainless steel tank..

It can be adjusted to accommodate different sizes of films, while the stainless steel rollers do not allow such modification, as each roller is dedicated to a specific size of films. However, the latter is not subject to damage easily, as it allows the development of several films at the same time, which is not possible to do with plastic types. It shows all

Plastic tank.

Film separately. The containers also differ in the way the films are fed into their reels from the center or the edge. In general, do not let these differences confuse you. Whatever type you buy, you will get used to it after a period of time and it becomes very easy to work with.

You will also need a small scissors that you put inside the exchange bag when working on 35 mm film, in order to free the end of the film from its roll by cutting it evenly in order to ensure that it easily enters the spool meshes. You also need a regular bottle opener to open the metal cover of the film canister. Don't forget to also put it in the swap bag before you start

the job .

Then you will need some other equipment, which are:

1- A photographic thermometer
2- A clock to measure the development time
3- A photographic sponge
4- Clips to hang the film until it dries. Envelopes to store the film after drying.