كيف اكتسبت الكاميرا هذه التسمية .. كتاب آلات التصوير

the introduction

The development of photography - and in particular of photographic equipment - has become noteworthy in recent years. Cameras, in particular, have evolved from a box or dimmer box equipped with manual controls for exposure and focus adjustment, to extremely complex equipment equipped with a specific lens for accurate reflex vision, and an automatic exposure control tool, and on many sealed cameras with an automatic focus adjustment mechanism. Even moving the film is automatic, .. some cameras are equipped with an internal motor to present the film in a single image or in successive sequences when touching the scan button for this purpose

Although every new evolution takes place on cameras. Lighted and explained in detail, it brings with it many questions as to its general use and for specific equipment that cannot be fully answered even in the detailed general articles. In this book we find that many of those questions

The interest in developing old camera models, as it is in many other hobbies such as cars, watches, trains, etc., is very great and there are many individuals who own at least one old camera and keep it only for its real value. This book provides an outline summary of a number of important points On the evolution of the camera and its design, with details on some Western things worth noting..

Newcomers to the hobby, or those who have graduated on more complex equipment and techniques, may become disoriented when confronted with the terms, usages, and accounts usually accepted by more experienced workers in the field. This book provides us with useful information, guidance and useful guidance: it also provides us with practical solutions to many problems that we encounter in our daily lives when we use the camera and its accessories.

Where did the word camera come from? Who invented the first 35 mm model? What is a camera detector? What are the principles of reflected vision? How do you calculate exposures through a telescope? These and many other questions are answered in this book
Mohammed Nassif

Chapter 1 - The evolution of the camera

How did the camera get this designation?

The word camera is derived from the Latin phrase "dark room" used in the late sixteenth century to describe a dark room in which an image of the outside view is projected onto the opposite wall through an opening in one of the walls. Then, in the days before photography, boxes were used as pretty obscura in which the scene was projected by a biconvex lens and a mirror onto a sheet of white paper, with contours drawn in pencil (Fig. The present day as a portable obscura, in which a lens focuses the image on a light-sensitive film, there is no single person who can be credited with the invention of the obscura, and the principle has been known for several centuries and the beginnings are likely to be as far back as the seventh century when it was used to watch solar eclipses. Giovati Battista Delaporta gave in 1008 a complete description of the dark room, except for the types carried in it, this room remained as it was until the beginning of the nineteenth century when Wollaston overcame the problem of sharp spherical diffraction of the double convex lens using a concave-convex lens or element crescent

Figure 1: A dark room

The dark room, which did not have a shutter, was used by artists and experts in ancient experiments in photography, as they were working with several means to fix the image projected on the paper. Thomas Wedgwood carried out a number of these experiments in about the year 1790, and Daguerre, who benefited from He was originally a successful painter, of a darkroom now in the Art Institute of Paris. His first cameras were portable darkrooms that were emptied into a darkened room. The dark sliding leg (used in magic lanterns) helped make things more convenient, and after the introduction of the Talbotybe or Calotype in 1844, light wooden objects were being made for tourists to use
K popularized the Kinnear shutter camera in the 1860's. All cameras with shutters were based on this shape. As for the current camera, a natural evolution took place in it other than its old shape, and the stretched leather part of the cameras disappeared.

After that, these equipments were replaced by an expanding cloth bag, and then by an expanded leather part (in the form of bellows) of the photocopier. Most of these types were

Amateur final in the early 1960'.