الفصل السابع في ربوع الجزيرة السورية ، الخصائص الجغرافية العامة للجزيرة السورية ٢_a

The reconstruction of the Syrian island and its history has been linked to the reconstruction and history of the region of the country, as multiple peoples and tribes have succeeded in it, and the civilizations of the ancient world were known as a whole; From Babylonian, Assyrian, and Hittite civilizations to Persian, Byzantine, and Arab-Islamic civilizations. Mesopotamia.

There are more than 2,000 archaeological hills in the Jazira region, and each hill contains one or more ancient cities, some of which have been discovered and some of which are still undiscovered. Among the most important of these hills (ancient cities), we mention: Tell Halaf: located just to the west (about 3 km) from the city of Ras al-Ayn, in which archaeological missions revealed traces dating back to the fifth and fourth millennia BC. - Tell Barak: located northeast of Hasakah, about 49 km. Its layers of civilization were dated over a period of about 2000 years, as the upper layer was attributed to the period between 1800-1600 BC, and the layer below the surface two meters to the period 2100-1900 BC (Ur era), and below that three layers were found: The Akkadian era (2400-3100 BC), the layer of the early dynasties (2700-2400 BC), and the late Uruk era (3200-3000 BC) - Sheikh Hamad Hill: located to the east of the Khabour River, northeast of the town of Sur, by about 18 km, and just to the north of the village of Ghariba, an ancient Assyrian city known as Dur Katlimu has been reported.To the northeast, about 200-300 meters from the hill, there are two main city sites, one of which seems to have been a camp, and the second a large residential city - Tell Araban It is now known as Tal Ajaja, located 30 km south of it, and within it was found an ancient Assyrian city known as “Shad Al-Kashf, in which Al-Hasakah is located in a Yakani manner.” .

- Tell Shager Bazaar, Tal Oqab: located near the current village of Hittin (formerly Shagar Bazaar) on the Hasaka-Amouda road (38 km from Hasaka), which contains several cities, the oldest of which dates back to the fourth millennium BC. Tell Laylan, which is located about 12 km south of the town of Al-Qahtaniya. Traces dating back to the third millennium BC were found in it. It is believed that there is the city of “Chobat-Anlil”, the capital of the Assyrian king Shamshi Hadad, a contemporary of Hammurabi in the thirteenth century BC. Tell Barri: It is located about 10 km north of Tell Brak on the bank

Tell Quneitra: It is located to the east of the city of Qamishli, about 60 km. Antiquities from the third and second millennia BC were found in it.

left of the Jgg River. It includes the Assyrian city of Kahat. Tell Ahmadi: located about 20 km south of Qamishli. Tell Oqab is a small archaeological hill located in Wadi Dara, to the north of Tell Shagar Bazar. It dates back to the Chalcolithic period.

Tell Mozan, about 10 km southeast of Amuda. Tell al-Fakhiriyya, next to the town of Ras al-Ayn in the south, is a large hill covered with modern cemeteries and farms. Archaeological excavations revealed the existence of a fortified and important city, believed to be the city of Washo Kani, the capital of the Mitanni state.

In addition to the cities - hills, the Syrian Jazira includes other important archaeological sites, such as the Roman bridge on the Tigris River and the Sukrah Castle, which is located in the middle of Mount Abdel Aziz, which appears to be a Byzantine castle that was restored in the Mamluk era.

The population of the Syrian island is estimated at about one million, distributed in the upper island and on both sides of al-Khabour and al-Balikh, and includes about ten communities.
A large human population is: Qamishli (120,000 people), Al-Hasakah (100,000 people), Amuda (25,000 people), Ras Al-Ain (20,000 people), Al-Malikiyah (19,000 people), Ain Al-Arab (18,000 people) and Darbasiyah (13,000 people). Al-Qahtaniyah (10,000 people), Tal Abyad (5,000 people) and Tal Tamr (5,000 people). What distinguishes the Jazira region from a human point of view is the presence of large numbers of non-Arab minorities who came to it as a result of the conditions they suffered from in their original places, such as the Kurds, Turks and Turkmens, who are concentrated in the far north of the region, the Shashan in Ras al-Ayn and al-Khabur al-Ala, along with the Assyrians in Malikiyah and Tal Tamr. The region is a group of Arab peasants who were transferred from the villages of Al-Ghamr in the Euphrates Dam area to the upper island. As resolved in

Agriculture is the basis of the life of the population on the island, and rain-fed lands prevail, where grain is cultivated from wheat and barley, while cotton cultivation prevails in irrigated lands. Irrigated agriculture has expanded in the past twenty years, due to the multiple irrigation projects that were built on the Euphrates and Khabour. The upper island is one of the main agricultural areas in the Syrian Arab Republic. Although the lower island is located in the dry climatic zone, most of it is cultivated with grain, especially in the rainy years. The al-Jazeera region is considered the most important Syrian region in terms of grain production, and animals are raised abundantly in al-Jazeera, as the number of sheep in it exceeds four million heads (about a third of the Syrian sheep), and the cows are approximately 200 thousand heads.

The Syrian Jazira is the region of oil and natural gas in Syria. It has the most important oil and gas fields concentrated in the areas of Qara Shouk, As-Suwaidiyya and Rmeilan (northeast of the region) and Al-Jibsah, east of Al-Khabour near Al-Shaddada.