الفصل الرابع في ربوع محافظة حماه ٢_a .. كتاب في ربوع سورية

The western elevation is rich in natural vegetation and abundant in water springs and small rivers. It is a beauty that attracts tourists and vacationers, as the average annual rainfall in Masyaf is 1220 mm and in Ain Halaqim is 1250 mm, so that the amount of rain decreases rapidly towards the east. 225 mm, Wadi Al-Azib area up to 190 mm). And if snow precipitation is little or even rare in the inner and eastern parts of the governorate, where several years pass without it falling, then it is a recurring phenomenon that occurs annually in the high western parts, and among the snowy years in the second half of this century we mention the year 1983, which was witnessed throughout the governorate for several days, as well as the year 1992, in which snow was confined to the western half of the governorate.

Part of life in Hama governorate, part of its beauty, and the basis of human presence in it is due to the Orontes River, which forms an elongated green strip along its course in this governorate, which is about 170 km. In addition, the valleys of its tributaries, those of which were always flowing (Al-Sarout, Salhab, Al-Bared) and those that were seasonal (Abu Humama, Al-Kafat Al-Dawwar, etc.), form green bands that are densely populated. The desert of Hama runs through several valleys of Al-Sailiya, such as Wadi Al-Azeeb, Wadi Al-Zarub, and Wadi Muwailih.

In the province of Hama, there are many artificial lakes formed behind the dams built on the valleys and rivers, such as Lake Mahrada formed behind the Mahrada Dam on the Orontes River, Lake Kafat Dam, Al-Albawi Dam, Sareheen, Al-Lataminah, Abu Fayyad, and Al-Zeina Dam Lake, in addition to some small natural lakes such as Naour Lake Jurin and Lake Naour. Naour Shata at the western end of the jungle, and Lake Bab Taqa at the eastern end of the jungle. And in portions
The western part of the governorate at the fronts of the mountains abounds with water springs, as in the springs of Ain Halaqim, the springs of Wadi al-Uyun, the springs of Deir Mama, the spring of al-Laqbah, the springs of Deir Shamil, the Abu Qubeis spring, the Nahr al-Bared spring, the springs of Ain al-Krum, Shatha and Jurin, the Qastun spring, the Qalidin spring, the Amqiyah spring, and the Qala springs The strait, the energy gate, and Shayzar springs.

Forests and forests cover the slopes of the Eastern Coast Mountains, which give it an evergreen look with its tall trees that do not drop their leaves from oaks, arbutus, wild olives, cedar, oleander, and laurel, along with types of deciduous trees such as plane trees, plums, oaks, and hawthorns. , Al-Aislan, Al-Akub Al-Akub, Chamomile... etc. While desert plants prevail in the eastern parts, such as wormwood, rue, linton, and dung ... etc., although the mountains of the Badia, as well as the Balaas, still cover some parts of it with birch trees and a few swedish trees.

Human gatherings are spread in places where conditions are suitable for the activities of the population and their life represented primarily by agriculture and animal husbandry. Water was and still is the main factor controlling this, along with the terrain and climatic appearance.

It can be said that 95% of the population of the governorate lives in urban communities to the west of the longitude of the city of Salamiyah, where the annual rainfall exceeds 300 mm, and water is available from rivers and springs. Human gatherings abound in the areas of fertile plains with plenty of water, as in the Al-Ghab Plain, Al-Asharia, and the fronts of the eastern coastal mountains in the Masyaf region, and along
Orontes Valley. It is worth noting that the heights of the eastern slopes of the coastal mountains have fewer human gatherings, despite the abundance of rain due to the terrain factor, the slope of the surface and the lack of apparent water due to the fact that its limestone rocks are permeable to water that erupts in the form of springs at its eastern front. Among the most important human gatherings in the governorate, we mention; Hama, Salamiyah, Masyaf, Mhardeh, Suqaylabiyah, Souran, Morek, Al-Hamra, Bari Al-Sharqi, Saboura, Uqayribat Saan Al-Shajara, Jeb Ramlet Ain, Halakim Wadi Al-Uyun, Salhab, Qalaat Al-Madiq, Shatha Kafr Zita Halfaya.

The population is from, and agriculture and animal husbandry are of great importance in the governorate of Hama, as the population depends on it for a major dependence in their lives, as about 70% work in it, and the land suitable for cultivation and animal husbandry occupies about 72. Among the most important agricultural crops are all kinds of grains, cotton, sugar beets, and onions, in addition to the province’s fame with some types of fruit trees, such as pistachios, which are famous for the regions of Morek, Suran, and Kafr Zeitah to the north of Hama, as well as apricots, grapes, figs, walnuts, olives, apples, etc. About one million sheep are raised in the Hamawi desert, and about 80,000 cows are raised in the western half of the governorate. The province of Hama witnessed a great industrial development in the second half of this century, especially since the mid-sixties, when the state established many large factories and factories, most of which were concentrated in the city of Hama, such as the porcelain industry, the wool spinning industry, the cotton thread industry, the oil industry, and the iron products industry. Steel and tire industry, east of Hama, about 3 km), cement industry (Kfarbham), tobacco industry, shoe industry (east of Masyaf), onion drying industry (Salamiyah), sugar factory (Salhab), cotton mills,