الخليل الفراهيدي  .. كتاب مائة أوائل من تراثنا ، الكاتب عبد الهادي حرصوني

Khalil Farahidi Bari

100-718 / 5 170-786 AD]

Al-Farhudi is the first to name the language Al-Khalil, he is Abu Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmad bin Amr bin Tamim Al-Farahidi, and it is said that Al-Azdi Al-Yahmadi, and it is said that his father is Ahmad Ahmad after the Messenger of God, and his origin is from Al-Azd from Farahid, and it is said that Al-Khalil was born in Othman (100 years of migration), then He came to Basra in Iraq, where he grew up and learned his culture. He studied the Qur’an and Hadith under Abu Amr ibn Al-Alaa, and the imagination of extraordinary intelligence appeared to him from a young age, and for this reason it was said that he was the smartest of the Arabs in the future after the Prophet Ali and after Omar ibn Al-Khattab. They earn money with his knowledge (and he was famous for his righteousness, and he was sane, knowledgeable, dignified, a poet, and a musician. It was said that he prayed in Makkah that God would grant him knowledge that no one had preceded him to, and it was taken only from him. offers then

Rhythm and melody) Al-Khalil died in the year 170 AH, and in one narration 174, and in another 177, and there is a narration that says 140, and Ibn Al-Jawzi says that his death was in the year 130 AH 35 - a hundred early
This is too far. The most acceptable narrations are his birth in 100 AH and his death in 170 AH.

It was said about the cause of his death that he said (I want to find a kind of reckoning by which the slave-girl goes to the seller, so he cannot wrong her). At that time, a sea of ​​performances. Al-Khalil is considered the imam of the grammarians of Basra in analogy and grammatical analysis, and he is the pioneer and discoverer of the meters of poetry. He is also the pioneer of making dictionaries in the Arabic language, as he wrote the book Al-Ain (The Book of Al-Ain), which is the first comprehensive dictionary of the Arabic language. And Al-Ha’a, Al-Ghain, Al-Qaf, Al-Jim, Al-Shin, Al-Sad, Al-Dad, Al-Sin, Al-Raa’, Al-Fa’a, Al-Dal, Al-Ta’a, Al-Za’, Al-Dhal, Al-Tha’a, Al-Za’, Al-Lam, Al-Nun, Al-Ta’a, Al-Mim, Al-Alef, and Yaa. Ibn Sayyar, and it was said that he composed it for al-Layth, who was fond of the book, a fondness that distracted him from his wife and his family, so his wife burned it in his absence, and the boyfriend had died. The classification of the remainder, but to a degree below the degree of the original work, is named.

Al-Khalil's fame in Al-Ain Dictionary is equivalent to his invention and discovery of the weights of poetry that he called the performances, i.e. satisfied with the measurement, so he weighed it
Dee Al-Saab from the poetry twisted from his face until his people .. or from displaying poetry on standard weights, and he followed the idea of ​​​​exchange and compatibility in mathematics in putting poetry shows that he saw revolve in five circles, and he concluded that the Arabs had used five weights and neglected other weights that he devised for them And from the five circles, Al-Khalil deduced fifteen seas, which he cut and named, and he later added to them one sea that is corrected. The names of the seas that he called Al-Taweel, Al-Madid, Al-Basit, Al-Afir, Al-Kamil, Al-Razz, Al-Hazj, Al-Ramal, Al-Sari’, Al-Munsharh, Al-Khaif, Present, Al-Muqtadab, Al-Moqtath, Al-Muqatarib, and finally the Muhaddith was added. Al-Khalil has written many books confined to his interests and who

According to the following:

1- In language, the book of the eye, then the book of what the eye misses.

- The book of the meanings of letters, the book (letters), the book (dots and forms), then the book (evidence), then the book (factors).

In the book offers (offers).

- In music, the book (Arab Instruments) and Kitsab (Rhythm), then

The book (Al-Nagham) is Allah and one of the famous students of Hebron. Abd ibn Harun ibn al-Sami’, Sibawayh, author of the well-known language book, al-Asma’i, al-Nadr ibn Shumail, Hanin ibn Ishaq, and others. He was famous for some wise sayings from al-Khalil, including his saying:
And it is (the most perfect thing that a person has intellect and intellect when he reaches forty years, the age in which God Almighty sent Muhammad except God, then it changes and decreases when he reaches the age in which the Messenger of God was taken and purified by sixty-three years, and what is the mind of man at the time of magic) and he was from his asceticism saying ( I close my door, so my concern does not exceed it). Al-Khalil once met with Abdullah Ibn Al-Muqaffa one night, and they kept talking until lunch. When they separated, it was said to Khalil: How did you see Ibn Al-Muqaffa? He said: (I saw a man whose knowledge was more than his intelligence) and it was said to Ibn al-Muqaffa’, how did you see Khalil? He said: (I saw a man whose intellect was greater than his knowledge). It is also mentioned about Khalil (a person does not know the mistake of his teacher until he sits with someone else). It is said that he had a retarded son who entered upon him once, and saw him cutting a verse with the weights of the performances, so he went out to the people and said: (My father has gone mad, so they entered upon him and told him what his son said, so he said, addressing him: If you knew what I say, you would excuse me, or you knew what you said, you would excuse me, but you were ignorant. My article, so you humiliated me, and I knew that you were ignorant, so I excuse you. The critics and historians unanimously agree that Khalil Al-Farahidi is one of the most important figures in the language and its sciences, and that he is the imam of visual grammarians and a pioneer of the sciences of prosody and dictionaries. The Arabic language, and Sheikh Hamdan Al-Razi, who died in 322 A.H., said about it (Al-Khalil Ahmad was the first to extract propositions, so he deduced from them and from the causes of grammar that no one extracted from it, and no one like him had preceded) While Ahmad, who died in 295 A.H., said in his book (Al-Sahibi) that the narrations were available That Aba Al-Aswad was the first to put the Arabic language and that Al-Khalil was the first to speak, Ahmad Bin Bin Faris