المواد الملونة ومواد الطلاء السميك ٤_a , من كتاب تكنولوجيا التصوير , د.م محمد حماد

It accepts mixing with all colors, especially white, cadmium yellow, ultramarine blue, and cobalt blue. And if this color is used purely in oil paint, it dries in about a year days.

(g) Persistent green ***Verde permanente is considered to be the derived compound, and is composed of chromium hydroxide and zinc chromate. It was called solid green because it is composed of fixed colors and is derived from them. It is a strong, well-resistant and stable color, and light does not affect it. It can be mixed with all fixed colors, but it is not mixed with silvery white - and it dries quickly, as the pure oily color of it dries in about one day.

(h) Cadmium green *** Verde di Cadmio It is a green color compound of cadmium sulfate and chromium hydroxide, and it is one of the dyes of medium resistance. Mixing this color with silvery white, Neapolitan yellow, lacquer green, and chrome yellow should be avoided. The pure color paint will dry in about six days.

Verde cinabro

(i) Vermilion green * is one of the compound green dyes, and it consists of permanent dyes and lead chromate (iron frucianor + lead chromate and treated with sodium hydroxide, then it is heated with nitric acid and its color changes). However, this color is of little resistance and is not a permanent color. Used purely in paint, it dries in five days.

Verde di Zinco ( ی ) Zinc green ** It is considered a compound green pigment and consists of zinc yellow and Prussian blue. Its degrees vary according to its mixing ratio of yellow and strong Prussian blue, which overcomes zinc yellow over time. Therefore, the percentage of Prussian blue must be reduced, or the lighter shade of zinc yellow should be used. This color is considered one of the medium-resistant colors, and if it is used purely in oil-based paint, it dries in about five days.

(k) Verde vescica *** Verde vescica is a vegetable or organic green pigment, and it is not advisable to use it as a primary color in oil painting. Because despite its beautiful, warm, green color, it is moderately resistant to weather factors, but has little tolerance for daylight. Therefore, it is possible to replace it with green lacquer compounds that are made from tar preparations, but it is advisable not to use both in artistic photography with oil colors.

(L) Lacca verde green, which is also one of the organic green dyes extracted from tar compounds. It is poorly resistant to weather and light, so most artists avoid using it, as is the case with Vichica green.
Violet dyes:

Violet dyes are derivatives of red and blue. However, there are some violet dyes that are distinguished by thin colors that cannot be obtained from derivatives of these two colors. The most important violet colors are light and dark cobalt violet, mart violet, metallic violet, bazarina, and lac violet.

Violetto di cobalto ciaro

(1) Light cobalt violet *** It is one of the cobalt compounds and contains cobalt arsenate and manganese. It is a light violet color that tends to pink and is considered one of the fixed colors and is characterized by brightness and vitality. This color changes easily in the presence of the compound colors of the element iron (if mixed with it). In this case, metallic violet should be used instead. Cobalt violet is considered one of the strong, stable colors, and its delicate shades cannot be imitated, especially if it is mixed with titanium white and zinc white. If this color is used pure in color painting, it dries in about 12 days.

(b) Dark cobalt violet*** It is composed of cobalt phosphate and is similar in properties to the previous type, except that it is dark in colour. Light cobalt violet is characterized by its brightness and vitality. And the period of drying in pure paint is about ten days. Violetto di cabolto scuro

(C) Violetto di Mart **** It consists of iron oxide and manganese, and its color is similar to that of sienna. It is distinguished by its color stability and its strong resistance to all external factors, but it is not used frequently among artists because its color is not as strong and fresh as other cheerful violet colors such as the aforementioned cobalt violet.

(D) Violet mineral violet **** Violetto minerale, which is composed of manganese phosphate and is extracted from manganese dioxide and phosphoric acid. By adding iron to manganese, various degrees of this color can be obtained, which is considered one of the colors that have a high degree of resistance, and it accepts mixing with all The colors, including the white colors that give it vitality, and the plant its dye. If this color is used pure in painting oil colors, it dries in about twelve days.

Robbia, which is the plant (e) Violetto d'azo, and it is also called alizarina because it is produced from the calcination of the crater that grows in Asia and Central Europe and is known as Robbia tinctorum, which means red dye .. because there is a colored substance in the roots and stems of this plant Red, known as alizarina, from which this color took its name. Although this color is of medium stability, it is considered the best type of violet lac color and has the characteristics of lac harranza red, which was previously referred to when talking about red dyes. Lacca di granza
Lacca di viola) and (lacquer violet (viola) * are among the organic dyes, and tar is included as a basic element in its composition, and it is one of the weak-resistant dyes. Experts advise using this color pure - if a person is forced to use it - because it changes when mixed with other colors. It dries in about fifteen days if it is used pure as an oil color.

Nero d'avorio (1) ivory black *** It is carbon that is included in the black pigments resulting from the roasting of animal bone waste, all of which are called - as black colors compounded from the ashes of animal bones - ivory black .. because the best of them is the one that is composed of calcined (roasted) ivory ) and burnt and characterized by a beautiful dark warm black color. It has the ability to cover and can be mixed with all colors, especially white. And since the period of drying of this color, if it is pure, is about twenty days, therefore, some dried materials (sicatives) are added to the oil, which is kneaded with it, to help speed up the drying of the color.

Black dyes:

There is a large group of black dyes, including metallic dyes such as iron oxides, carbon dyes, soot, graphite, and roasted carbon from animal or vegetable materials. But the best ones for photography are ivory black and vegetal black from ash left over from a vineyard fire, both of which are roasted carbon. The other types are used in various industrial works

(b) Chrome black*** It is also included in the black pigments resulting from the roasting of vegetable residues, all of which are called chrome black because the best quality is from the remains of vines, although most of the remains of trees are used for this purpose, such as the peach tree Nero di pesca and many plants. This dye is stable and strong for weather effects, but we notice that the degree of this color is less accurate than the previously mentioned ivory black, but it dries faster than it, since the period of its drying, if used purely, is about five days, i.e. the period required for the drying of ivory black

(C) Cork black **** Nero di quercia, which is the result of roasting the remnants of oak wood, and it is not much different from chrome black, and it gives a stable and strong dye that withstands weather effects. It is also less warm than ivory black. It mixes with white colors to form a variety of stable grays that are cool. The drying time of this color if used purely is about five days

(D) Black soot (Nero di lampada) It results from the incomplete combustion of low-cost organic materials such as tar, rosin, naphthalene, fat residues, etc. It varies in color and is used in printing ink and gray coatings. In cellulosic lacquers, glossy black duo and ink used for offset ) which is like stone printing as offset