التصوير الزيتي ٦_a , من كتاب تكنولوجيا التصوير , د.م محمد حماد

Preparing the types of fabrics:

Fabrics can be prepared in general using solutions of rubber dissolved in benzene, with the exception of velor and similar fabrics with a pile that can be painted directly over them, noting that the oil is always reduced from the colors as much as possible. And keep it if necessary on blotting paper, and when used, the process of diluting it with pure turpentine must be diluted when drawing on fabrics, as is the case with watercolor painting, and it is always advisable to use the liquid known as Mistione, which performs the required purpose, and it is ready in the market

Tools used in oil painting:

There are many tools that are used in oil painting, the most important of which are the color sheet (palette), painting brushes, and the drawing board holder (workhorse). We will mention a simplified explanation for each of these tools as follows:

1- Color page (Tavolozze):

And the artist uses it to put colors on it, and it is mainly made of walnut wood or some other strong wood... and it should be left unpainted

or varnish.

The most widely used form of color pages is the rectangular, oval, or heart-shaped form (Fig. Compressed papers with an insulating material on their surface and placed on top of each other so that the top layer that gets dirty in color can be removed and the next clean one can be used.

And the new wooden color sheet that has not been used yet) should be placed or dipped in crude oil on both sides and left to saturate for at least two days... It is preferable that the color sheet be of a reasonable size that fits the work and facilitates the artist's movement. If it is about 25-35 cm in size, then it suffices the artist's purposes to put all the colors needed for him in the work. The larger the size of the page, the more balance it must be studied so that it is stable in the hand during movement. Likewise, pages made of metals such as aluminum or zinc are useful from a practical point of view, and their use has spread now due to their cheapness, but they must also be balanced in the hand during photocopying, and they must be cleaned after completing the drawing in each session, so the remaining colors are taken on them and the surface is painted with them. The canvas of the drawing to be photographed on in the next period... Then the surface of the page is wiped from the remaining colors with a rag moistened with mineral turpentine, petroleum or benzene.
(1) Heart shape

(b) rectangular

(c) oval

Figure 67 - A) Different shapes of the color palette sheet)

Form (67 pages of regular colors and a set of brushes..

During the photographing process, the colors must be placed on the page regularly so that they are always pure and clear when used. To dilute the colors, a small bowl of oil or solvents is placed on the edge of the page (Fig. 68) so that it is within reach of the artist during his work, and is close to the place where the colors are mixed on the page.

Some artists use a drawing table, which is undoubtedly a practical idea (Fig. 69), as color tubes can be placed in drawers with channels and lined up on them. There is also a place for styling brushes, solvents, bottles of oils, thinners, and dryers so that they can be organized and easily accessed during work.
Figure (68) Two containers for placing regular and volatile oils so that they can be installed next to the color page.

Fig. 69 Front view, side view, and horizontal projection of the photographic table

It is used to arrange and prepare colors, and it can be used in photography

Oil, Tempera, or Afrosec

the job . Colors can also be prepared on this table using a small glass mortar, or the colors are mixed on the surface of the table with a knife.. However, this requires that this surface be made of glass or marble, or a thick glass plate is prepared for mixing and grinding colors using a knife as well. This is to prepare the colors of tempera or alfresco or any kind of colors that must be prepared fresh every day before the start of work.

2- Oil painting brushes:

The brushes used in oil painting are of different shapes and are made of thick hair such as boar hair, polecat hair, squirrel hair, etc. But the most widely used are brushes with thick hair, such as boar hair
Like Procaccini, for paintings of small dimensions or studies, soft brushes with fine hairs are used. Sometimes a fine-bristled brush can be of great use for applying soft touches to the canvas. You can see this clearly in some of the paintings that Procancini (1560-1626) portrayed, especially in his painting of the Virgin Mary, who remained without completing it. This is the case in the paintings of old and contemporary painters.

And round or oversized because it allows work on a large scale with a lot of freedom.

And the brush with excessive hair is of great benefit for this purpose. The length of the hand of the brush is usually about 30-40 cm, but there are some types that are about one or two meters long or more... They are used when the artist intends to be away from the painting during painting.

The photographer may also use a broad brush (about 4-5 inches), which is the type known as a soft comb. Some artists use this brush to give painting a special effect by leveling the surface of the colors and distributing them, and working on the overlapping and harmony of colors... This brush is made of smooth boar hair. It is attached to a rectangular piece of bone perforated at equal distances to fix the tufts of hair in it... Then the hair is tied at the top of the bone and fixed with an adhesive material. On it is a prismatic-shaped wooden cover tightly attached to the bone, and at the top it is fixed to the handle, and we notice the influence of this brush in the works of the photographer Hilbert.

Next to the brush, a knife can also be used, which is of different shapes, as you can see in Figure (70).

These knives are usually used to knead the colors when they are prepared in the studio on the marble or the glass plate to mix the colors, and the knives are also used to mix the colors on the palette... as well as to remove the color residue from the color sheet (pallet).

Form (70) different types of drawing knives that are used to clean a page

Colors, used in drawing to put colors on the board instead of a brush.