التصوير عبر التاريخ .. الخلود يتحقق بواسطة الصورة ، مجلة فن التصوير اللبنانية _ ع ١

Imaging through the eternal history is achieved by the image

Everything in this existence is subject to change, transformation, annihilation, and human demise. Nature and things, and the image is what proves the moment or the current state in all the transforming, changing and developing assets of this universe. It proves and documents every form of life, things, and states with honesty. From here, the image was the most important means for studying growth and development in the things of life and the universe, or vanishing and annihilation. And thus a means of preservation and documentation historically, scientifically and aesthetically

And in life, it's a pattern of . The visible and negotiable memory between people over the succession of generations is capable of fixing every moment of life, and it is also the true testimony of what the states of living beings and things of nature were at a given moment. Those were the backgrounds of the idea of ​​fixation, reflections. . That is, photography in our concept today, and we will see through the episodes of this serial research the story of the development of the image from the first theoretical and primitive cases to our present time, which is truly the era of the image.


Aristotle was the first to discover the theory of photography and Leonardo da Vinci was the first to discover the dark room

It has many colors if the definition is the logical beginning of each research, then the definition of photography is the reflection of the scene or people and everything that the eye sees to fix its reflection in volatile weather conditions, from bad vision to good or sunny, and the reflection of things even if all these things presented themselves in front of the ancients, the reflectors. (Photographers in today's language) and everyone who wanted to record easy-to-understand paragraphs of natural life or scenes that fall under their eyes, or people they live with, so they worked in various ways and means to fix that mini-reflection in important moments in human history so that it remains until We present this. And to continue from then to later ages, reflection and reflectors: reflection is the same imaging as we know it today.. and in foreign languages. Photograph: Photograph - that is, a drawn image, or the reflection of the visible view on paper in the manner of drawing (graph) in order for it to be an exact copy, but in miniature - of course, from here the theory of the Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first of its kind in this regard in the fourth century BC, which is The theory that was born by sheer coincidence with the early morning when a ray of light entered his dark room from a skylight reflecting vague fantasies
The dark room, in its form, is opposite to the illuminated room. And it was that the record of this primitive theory that the great scholars of that era worked on crystallizing, but the ancient man who lived in the ages of darkness knew the primitive. During his dwelling in the caves and caverns in which the light does not diminish to a great extent, he noticed how a ray of light penetrated the primitive dwelling through a narrow aperture to be a reflection, or an image, of what the opposite faces, such as trees, people, animals, illuminated by the sun’s rays: so the two basic elements are the composition of reflection, or imaging. They The interview first: the light, second: the darkness, and they look at each other from a small skylight that allows a ray of light to enter the darkness to be a reflection of the illuminated objects. This theory was called by the famous Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, Camera Escura, that is, the dark room. That was in the year 1490, when he showed great interest in it. He made a dark room for himself and started drawing the reflection of the luminous objects in front of the small opening of this room. He was followed by most Italian artists such as Gardi and Canaletto in the Italian city of Venice, and after about fifty years he developed

Two historians of Da Vinci's dark room added two important completions to the principle of the first foundation. In 1530, Daniel Briaro put a light barrier, in order to filter and clarify the reflected light. Then Jerem Gardin came in the year 1000 and placed the lenses of his glasses in reverse over the band hole.

These two discoveries later helped to clarify the picture, but the discovery did not stop there. In the year 1640, the German, Athanasius Karshi, made a mobile dark room of light wood and black cloth, the size of two cubic meters, and it required two men to carry it. , where it was reflecting the view Who wants to go to the wall opposite the small aperture centered on the light filter barrier and the two lenses inside the dark room and sit inside it to define the features of the reflected rays with the pen in all its details. Thus, a picture emerges in his hands, but a miniature after Karshih by about seventeen years. In the year 1657, one of his students, Caspar Scott, made his teacher’s room smaller, so he made it in the form of two boxes, one of which is smaller than the second, so that they overlap tightly so that no ray of light leaks into the interior. To a reflection of things In the year 1676, Robert Jubilee presented a small dark room equipped with a correct composition of decorated paper (wet with oil), as it reflects the scenes to it. And increased in It was developed by a professor of arithmetic and geometry, Joanne Stern, who provided it with a mirror at an angle of 45 degrees. Where the vision is reflected in front of the artist more comfortably than before, so it was the first dark room of small size, mobile, to work by the corrected reflection method (Roflex). Then came the priest of the city of Würzburg, Johann Rasen, about a century later, and replaced the decorated paper with unglazed glass, and replaced the lenses of glasses with magnifying lenses, to clarify the scene better. Focus In the world 1769 made George Diaphragm
Brannor is a dark room with all its details in the form of a table. An English diplomat also used a dark room in the shape of a tent and placed a magnifying glass over its head and a mirror at an angle of 45 degrees, where he reflected the view that he wanted to form vertically to a table he was sitting behind, and painted it. That was in the year 1830. Fox Talbot made a small wooden dark room. Relatively, compared to those who preceded him, and until that date, the world had not yet reached photography in the well-known way that all that period of history was just a reflection of the illuminated objects against the lenses and drawing them with their fine details. It is the era of reflection and the two reverses 1820