How to Photograph Fall Colors

Table of Contents

• Location and Time of Year
• Weather Conditions
• Direction of Light
• Time of Day
• Composition
• Conclusion

1. Location and Time of Year


Different places around the world reach their best fall colors at different times of year. The general rule is that warmer areas have their fall colors happen later in the year, while cooler areas have already started to change colors near the beginning of autumn.

Also, each year, the best fall colors usually occur on different dates, even in the same location. Where I live, the best colors have been trending a bit later most years – somewhere that used to peak during the last week of September now looks best closer to the first week of October. That said, it really depends upon how hot, cold, dry, or rainy the rest of the year was.
NIKON Z 7 + NIKKOR Z 24-70mm f/4 S @ 50mm, ISO 64, 1/20, f/7.1
That’s why timing and location are so important in fall colors photography. I recommend sticking to a flexible schedule if you can. If you book a hotel months in advance, you’re rolling the dice – be prepared to drive more than you had planned if you want to find the best pockets of fall colors. Camping isn’t for everyone, but I like the flexibility that it affords me in chasing down the areas with the best colors each day. (And sometimes, just one or two days can make a big difference.)

2. Weather Conditions


The same trees will look very different on a sunny day and an overcast day. Direct sunlight is often harsher, but it also gives you the opportunity to experiment with shadows and the direction of light at different times of day. Overcast light allows you to take softer photos, where the leaves themselves can become the primary source of color in the photo.
Overcast days can be amazing for photographing the fall colors
Chamonix 4×5; Nikkor M 300mm f/9 @ f/20, 1/15 second, Kodak E100, front

Then there’s the question of rain. I’ve said many times before that bad weather makes good photos, and this is yet another example. Fall colors are simply more vivid during the rain and immediately afterwards. Dew droplets in the morning have the same effect.
Canon EOS R5 + RF24-240mm F4-6.3 IS USM @ 173mm, ISO 100, 1/60, f/6.3
One type of weather I usually dislike as a photographer is extreme wind. It’s harder to capture sharp photos in the wind due to the movement of the leaves, but the wind also strips the trees of their leaves in the first place! I’ve seen some beautiful, slow-shutter-speed photos of autumn leaves rustling in the wind, so it’s not always bad. However, for classic fall colors photos, you’ll want to avoid the windiest areas as much as possible.

3. Direction of Light


Light is the most important part of photography, and if you’re taking pictures in a forest, you have lots of control over the direction of light. Compose toward the sun for backlighting; away from the sun for front light; sideways for side light. It’s straightforward, but when you’re in the field, it can be easy to forget how much control you really have.

What type of light should you aim for? If you’ve ever tried shining a flashlight through a leaf to see its intricate structure and beautiful colors, you probably know what I’m about to say: backlighting is awesome!
Canon EOS R5 + RF16mm F2.8 STM @ 16mm, ISO 100, 1/6, f/22.0
Generally speaking, you’ll get more vivid photos and less chaotic compositions if you photograph trees when they’re backlit. No, it’s not the only way to take good fall colors photos – but if you’re struggling with harsh shadows and busy compositions, backlighting will help. It’s one of the best ways to simplify a photo of fall colors.
Canon EOS R5 + RF24-240mm F4-6.3 IS USM @ 123mm, ISO 100, 1/40, f/6.3
Here’s another example (just a couple of quick phone snapshots with no color edits) to show the same aspen forest in two different directions. I took these photos just seconds apart from one another, and personally, I like the colors of the backlit image more:



Even if you prefer the photo with front light, clearly, the direction of light is very powerful for fall colors photography. Depending on where you face, you can capture totally different moods in your photos, even at the same landscape.

4. Time of Day


As much as I love backlighting for photographing the fall colors, there are exceptions. Closer to sunrise and sunset, the sun may not be bright enough to backlight a whole forest effectively. As a result, the leaves may be less vivid when backlit, not more. Here’s an example of what I mean:
Canon EOS R5 + RF35mm F1.8 MACRO IS STM @ 35mm, ISO 100, 1/10, f/11.0
While this isn’t necessarily a bad look, sunrise and sunset are two times of day where I usually seek out front or side light instead. The sun’s rays at golden hour will land on the vivid autumn leaves and produce some beautiful colors.
Canon EOS R5 + RF24-240mm F4-6.3 IS USM @ 55mm, ISO 100, 1/160, f/11.0

5. Composition


Finally, my favorite topic in photography – composition. It can be difficult to compose forest scenes in a pleasant way because there is simply so much going on. Even if you follow my tip from a moment ago and seek out backlighting, your photos still could be too chaotic if you aren’t careful.

One thing you can try is to seek out abstract compositions. Abstract photography eschews the idea of a single main subject in favor of an emphasis on patterns and details. Stand back and zoom in, and you’ll achieve a sense of compression that makes the three-dimensional forest look like a tapestry of color.
Canon EOS R5 + RF24-240mm F4-6.3 IS USM @ 94mm, ISO 100, 1/20, f/16.0
Another option is to seek out a clear subject and allow any other fall colors to act as a backdrop around it. You can accomplish this with a shallow depth of field or simply through careful composition. The subject can be anything – the sun, a particular tree, a road through the forest, or even a distant mountain (where the fall colors may be just small parts of the scene). The key for photos like this, however, is that the subject stands out in some way compared to its surroundings.
Fall colors can augment a photo – they don’t always need to be the photo!
NIKON Z 7 + NIKKOR Z 24-70mm f/4 S @ 39mm, ISO 1250, 1/6, f/4.0
In short, you could aim for an abstract composition or for a photo with a distinct subject, but either way, you need to be deliberate about it. Otherwise, it’s too easy to end up with chaotic composition given how busy most forest scenes tend to be.

Conclusion


I hope this article inspired you to go out and photograph some fall colors! They can be some of the most beautiful and rewarding subjects in landscape photography, but it’s not always easy to take good photos of them. Sometimes, the more beautiful a subject is, the easier it is to fall into “snapshot” mode where we just point and click without thinking through the photo.

With these tips in your back pocket, however, you’ll find that photographing the fall colors is an easier process with a higher keeper rate! Like most of landscape photography, it’s all about light, subject selection, and composition. Keep that in mind, and your photos of fall colors can be almost as lovely as the trees themselves.
Chamonix 8×10; Nikkor T 800mm f/12 @ f/64, 2 seconds, Kodak E100