نظام الارقام الثنائية - الحاسبات - العد الالكتروني .. الإلكترونيات

Binary Number System - Calculators
- Electronic Counting .. Electronics

Binary Number System

We often do not need to count or perform arithmetic operations using the regular numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, zero, and then say that the remainder is one. There are better electronic methods for performing the counting process, one of which is the method that uses the binary system that includes only the number zero and the number 1 0. Figure (209) shows two types of these counters, one with regular numbers from zero to 9, and the second with binary numbers zero or one. Both include a rotating indicator in the decimal counter. Display A allows us to record and count things up to the number 9. If we exceed this number to 10, display A moves back to zero and is replaced by the number 1 on display B. We can continue the process up to the number 999.

In the binary number system, the highest number we can read is the number 1. If a certain pulse reaches display A, it stores it, indicating the number 000001. When the next pulse arrives, the number 1 moves to the next display B, returning display A to the zero state and the recorded number becomes 000010. The next pulse gives 000011. The fourth pulse results in the indicator A moving to zero, remaining one, indicator B to zero, remaining one, indicator C to position 1, and the reading becomes 000100. Also, 5 = 000101, 6 = 200110, 7 = 000111, 8 = 001000, 9 = 001001, 10 = 001010 We can say that in the decimal counter we must move to the left whenever we try to multiply the number by the soft because there are only two possibilities in each column (zero or one). Therefore, recording numbers from zero to 9 in the decimal system requires ten digits inside the electronic device, while in the binary system we need only two means in each digit, one for the number zero and the other for the number 1.

209 - Decimal counters and binary counters.
210 - Comparison between decimal and binary numbers

Calculators

It is known that relays close the circuit when current passes through it (212), so electronic computers that were produced in their modern era contained thousands of these relays.
Thermoelectric valves have become an effective means of closing and opening circuits in modern computers because of the anode current that is high when the bias is positive, and zero when the bias is negative. Also, the transistors do not transfer current if their base voltage is positive, and they can play the role of relays such as switching circuits.

211 - Switches and their role as binary numbers.
212 - Relays, valves and transistors as binary numbers.
213 - Computers and their input and output tapes.

It is known that the electronic computer derives its input pulses from a recorded tape, then gives the result and records it on another tape (213).