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الملمس .. الصورة أحادية اللون .. كيفية التقاط وتطوير الصور بالأبيض والأسود
TEXTURE
Texture is the surface quality of an object and , like form , is distinctly three- dimensional . While it can be used in making abstract images , its principal value in photography is as an aid to conveying realism . In many kinds of shot , one of the aims is to get across to the viewer as close a representation as possible - to make it almost tangible . If the texture comes across strongly , this helps the sense of realism enormously .
Food photography , for example , needs all possible help to convey taste ( itself not a visual quality in any way ) . Texture , because it is related to taste , nearly always plays an important part , and photographers who specialize in food nor- mally take great pains with the lighting to reproduce tactile sensations - the crumbling roughness of pastry , or the glaze on a roast ham .
Lighting is the key to texture just as much as it is to form , although the techniques are different . Textures also vary enormously , not only from rough to smooth , but in individual character : the leather binding of a book and the surface of smooth sand , for example , share a similar degree of roughness , but are immediately distinguishable in a photograph .
For fine texture , the strongest impression of relief comes from very low , direct illumination that just skims the surface . Revealing texture in black - and- white is largely a matter of using the lighting to throw shadows . Fine texture needs hard - edged shadows to be distinct , and for this the light source needs to be naked Look at the effect of bright sunlight when it just grazes a wall .
The same hard , raking light applied to a rough , knobbly surface may some- times throw too much of the texture into shadow . If the indentations are deep , a more diffused light is likely to give a better sense . Also , texture does not always need to be taken to the maximum in photography . There are occasions when a less definite texture is desirable . In portraiture , for example , while a lined , weather - beaten face may make a striking character study , a portrait that is supposed to flatter the sitter is not likely to get a good reception if it throws wrinkles into prominence ! In fashion and beauty photography , much of the lighting technique is concerned with softening skin texture by diffusion , shadow fill , and a lighting direction that is fairly frontal . Even the finest skin contains some blemishes ; these are a texture that is usually less than welcome .
RIGHT Raking light applied to a knobbly , rough surface can throw too much of the subject's texture into deep shadow , ruining the picture in the process . As in the case of this photo of a crocodile , it's best to wait until the light becomes more diffused , either by waiting for cloud or placing the subject in the shade .
ABOVE For a still life such as this , where texture is all important , it may be necessary to adjust the image's contrast at the printing stage to make the most of the picture . In this case , the contrast has been lowered in the finished print .
TEXTURE
Texture is the surface quality of an object and , like form , is distinctly three- dimensional . While it can be used in making abstract images , its principal value in photography is as an aid to conveying realism . In many kinds of shot , one of the aims is to get across to the viewer as close a representation as possible - to make it almost tangible . If the texture comes across strongly , this helps the sense of realism enormously .
Food photography , for example , needs all possible help to convey taste ( itself not a visual quality in any way ) . Texture , because it is related to taste , nearly always plays an important part , and photographers who specialize in food nor- mally take great pains with the lighting to reproduce tactile sensations - the crumbling roughness of pastry , or the glaze on a roast ham .
Lighting is the key to texture just as much as it is to form , although the techniques are different . Textures also vary enormously , not only from rough to smooth , but in individual character : the leather binding of a book and the surface of smooth sand , for example , share a similar degree of roughness , but are immediately distinguishable in a photograph .
For fine texture , the strongest impression of relief comes from very low , direct illumination that just skims the surface . Revealing texture in black - and- white is largely a matter of using the lighting to throw shadows . Fine texture needs hard - edged shadows to be distinct , and for this the light source needs to be naked Look at the effect of bright sunlight when it just grazes a wall .
The same hard , raking light applied to a rough , knobbly surface may some- times throw too much of the texture into shadow . If the indentations are deep , a more diffused light is likely to give a better sense . Also , texture does not always need to be taken to the maximum in photography . There are occasions when a less definite texture is desirable . In portraiture , for example , while a lined , weather - beaten face may make a striking character study , a portrait that is supposed to flatter the sitter is not likely to get a good reception if it throws wrinkles into prominence ! In fashion and beauty photography , much of the lighting technique is concerned with softening skin texture by diffusion , shadow fill , and a lighting direction that is fairly frontal . Even the finest skin contains some blemishes ; these are a texture that is usually less than welcome .
RIGHT Raking light applied to a knobbly , rough surface can throw too much of the subject's texture into deep shadow , ruining the picture in the process . As in the case of this photo of a crocodile , it's best to wait until the light becomes more diffused , either by waiting for cloud or placing the subject in the shade .
ABOVE For a still life such as this , where texture is all important , it may be necessary to adjust the image's contrast at the printing stage to make the most of the picture . In this case , the contrast has been lowered in the finished print .
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