تويت
النمط .. بناء الصورة .. المرشد خطوة بخطوة للتصوير الفوتوغرافي
Pattern
Pattern is formed by the repetition of line and shape . Like texture , pattern can be found almost everywhere , from urban en- vironments to natural forms . It can occa- sionally form the main subject of a picture but more often it is used as a secondary ele- ment to structure a composition , or create rhythm , or simply to attract the eye . When employed as a subsidiary element , pattern must be used carefully it can sometimes confuse or overwhelm the main subject .
When using pattern , it is important to include slight variations in the design to prevent the repeating elements from be- coming monotonous . Sometimes you can introduce variety by combining several quite different patterns in one composition .
There are no rules for the best lighting conditions for pattern , but generally it is enhanced by contrasting tones and by sup- pressing other aspects of the subject , such as texture and form . Variations in lighting quality and direction will alter pattern dramatically .
Framing and viewpoint can be used to intensify the overall impression of pattern in a picture . Sometimes , taking a close - up pic- ture of a small part of a pattern creates a more powerful impact , by eliminating the context and distracting detail . If the whole picture frame is filled with pattern it be- comes much stronger in its overall effect .
Composite patterns
The picture on the left combines two patterns the parallel slats of the chairs and the angled posi- tions of the chairs themselves . A high viewpoint was chosen so that the chairs fill the picture frame against a flat , tonally contrasting background . The soft , even day- light is ideal the shadows cre- ated by hard light would have confused the complicated lines . The exposure was measured from both the seats and the ground and then averaged .
Shadow patterns
On a clear day with hard sun- light , shadows are an endless source of interesting patterns . The late afternoon picture of the rail- ings , below , was taken from above with the camera at an angle to avoid complete symmetry and uniform repetition . The steep per- spective created by the railings is counteracted by the flattening effect of their shadows which run across the picture . The exposure was measured off the bright sidewalk so that the shadows record dark and featureless and attach them- selves to the railings .
Combining patterns
Construction sites are often good places for finding patterns . The regular , formal pattern in the background buildings , below , con- trasts with the irregular pattern in the concrete slabs in the fore- ground . To increase the effect , the lighting and square - on viewpoint compress both patterns on to sim- ple , flat planes .
Human patterns
A wide variety of interesting pat- terns can be formed by a single person or a group of people . But when subjects are not posed it is often difficult to capture them on film . In the picture , right , the cam- era viewpoint was a critical factor in capturing the momentary pattern formed by the three heads . A pos- ition to the left or right would have missed the repeating lines of the three profiles .
Pattern in landscape
A simple rhythmic pattern is created by the white ridges of the snow in the landscape , right . On its own the pattern formed by the ridges would be uninteresting . but here it is only part of the composition . The delicate shapes of the trees and the large area of plain toned sky in the photograph contrast with and strengthen the lines of the pattern .
Pattern
Pattern is formed by the repetition of line and shape . Like texture , pattern can be found almost everywhere , from urban en- vironments to natural forms . It can occa- sionally form the main subject of a picture but more often it is used as a secondary ele- ment to structure a composition , or create rhythm , or simply to attract the eye . When employed as a subsidiary element , pattern must be used carefully it can sometimes confuse or overwhelm the main subject .
When using pattern , it is important to include slight variations in the design to prevent the repeating elements from be- coming monotonous . Sometimes you can introduce variety by combining several quite different patterns in one composition .
There are no rules for the best lighting conditions for pattern , but generally it is enhanced by contrasting tones and by sup- pressing other aspects of the subject , such as texture and form . Variations in lighting quality and direction will alter pattern dramatically .
Framing and viewpoint can be used to intensify the overall impression of pattern in a picture . Sometimes , taking a close - up pic- ture of a small part of a pattern creates a more powerful impact , by eliminating the context and distracting detail . If the whole picture frame is filled with pattern it be- comes much stronger in its overall effect .
Composite patterns
The picture on the left combines two patterns the parallel slats of the chairs and the angled posi- tions of the chairs themselves . A high viewpoint was chosen so that the chairs fill the picture frame against a flat , tonally contrasting background . The soft , even day- light is ideal the shadows cre- ated by hard light would have confused the complicated lines . The exposure was measured from both the seats and the ground and then averaged .
Shadow patterns
On a clear day with hard sun- light , shadows are an endless source of interesting patterns . The late afternoon picture of the rail- ings , below , was taken from above with the camera at an angle to avoid complete symmetry and uniform repetition . The steep per- spective created by the railings is counteracted by the flattening effect of their shadows which run across the picture . The exposure was measured off the bright sidewalk so that the shadows record dark and featureless and attach them- selves to the railings .
Combining patterns
Construction sites are often good places for finding patterns . The regular , formal pattern in the background buildings , below , con- trasts with the irregular pattern in the concrete slabs in the fore- ground . To increase the effect , the lighting and square - on viewpoint compress both patterns on to sim- ple , flat planes .
Human patterns
A wide variety of interesting pat- terns can be formed by a single person or a group of people . But when subjects are not posed it is often difficult to capture them on film . In the picture , right , the cam- era viewpoint was a critical factor in capturing the momentary pattern formed by the three heads . A pos- ition to the left or right would have missed the repeating lines of the three profiles .
Pattern in landscape
A simple rhythmic pattern is created by the white ridges of the snow in the landscape , right . On its own the pattern formed by the ridges would be uninteresting . but here it is only part of the composition . The delicate shapes of the trees and the large area of plain toned sky in the photograph contrast with and strengthen the lines of the pattern .
تعليق