اختيار الآلة الفوتوغرافية .. اختيار واستخدام المواد .. كتاب التصوير الضوئي

Choosing a Photographic Equipment .. Choosing and Using Materials .. Photography Book

Choosing and Using Materials
Choosing a Photographic Equipment

First think about why you want to use a photographic equipment: Will you take pictures to satisfy your hobby or for work? Or for both purposes? Are you looking for a complete machine in itself that is easy to carry or a machine that you can gradually complete with lenses and additional parts? Will you specialize in sports photography or in close-up photography (macrography) and in this case you want to get any size of the image printed on paper or the positive image slide?

- Film size:
These are pocket machines with a size that the smallest photographic machines currently in use are 110. They use 16 mm film in the cassette. The image is of good quality but in a small size. A special magic lantern is required for positive images (slides) of this size. The 126 size also uses the cassette but produces square images of 28 28 mm. The film width may be 35 mm, it is treated like perforated film on the reel and the slides are exposed with a classic magic lantern for 24 x 36 scenes.

The advantage of cassette machines is speed and ease of accuracy, they are: no calibration and the lack of light-sensitive mixture available, but the most common size is without a doubt 24 x 36 mm on the packaging. As for its sockets, there is a special reason to choose another one! For this size there is a 36 mm perforated film. This film should be chosen if there is not a large variety of all prices and a complete range of films. The size of the machines - 24 x 36 mm allows to obtain enlargements with very good qualities.

Most photographic machines using 120 or 220 reel film produce 6 × 6 cm cliches. The improvement in the quality of the films explains the tendency of professional photographers to use small and medium sizes. They also use the 6 × 6 size extensively for color photography on negatives because it gives excellent enlargements at large sizes (40 × 50, for example). 120 or 220 film is also used in machines with a size of 6 × 7 cm. This ideal size (as it is called) has the advantage of being rectangular, which makes better use of the space of the cliché.

The 6 × 9 size has been discontinued in machines designed for this size.

It is used especially for reel films mounted on large professional machines that usually use single film surfaces.

These medium sizes are useful if you are looking for a professional character and if you want to sell slides (these slides - positive images - in these sizes are more appreciated by publishers).

The smallest commonly used single-sheet film size is 4 x 5 inches (10 x 12.5 cm) but there are smaller sizes (9 x 6 cm, for example). The largest sizes are 13 x 18 and 20 x 5 cm. Only professionals use these sizes.

If we look at the cost of each individual cliché, we find that the 110 and 126 sizes are more expensive than the 24 x 36 mm and that the 110 (despite its small size) is more expensive than the 126. As for the larger sizes, the price is proportional to the size.

The small 110 and mini machines use 16.16 mm film in cassettes

The simple 126 machines with the size 28 x 28 use film in cassettes.

20x36 machines (reflex or non-reflex) use 35mm perforated film in a cartridge.

6x6 single or double lens reflex machines use 120 or 220 film.

6x7cm is the ideal size for professional zoom or reflex machines. 120 or 220 film on a roll.

Single-picture film measuring 4x5 inches (10x12.5 cm) or larger is loaded into the sensitive plate tray and placed on large format machines.