كانون الأول ( ديسمبر ) عام ١٩٧٥ .. حرب لبنان _ صور _ وثائق _ أحداث

December 1975.. Lebanon War _ Photos _ Documents _ Events

December

12/1/75: Tension in Beirut, the Mountain, the Bekaa and the North (13 dead and 60 kidnapped) - Messages from Sadat to Franjieh and Arab officials about Lebanon, and Egyptian condemnation of the actions of the Phalanges and the Thunderbolt and a proposal for a solution - Assad receives (De Murville) - Charbel Qassis hints at the establishment of a nation based on the Christian religion similar to what the neighbors have - d'Estaing and the Pope with the formula of coexistence - Qanso praises the issue of expanding the government - 1 New York Times): Washington with Karami and with the issue of supplying Christians with weapons.

2/12/75: Thirty Israeli planes bomb the Beddawi, Nahr al-Bared, and Nabatieh camps and the surrounding villages (60 people killed and 140 wounded) - Parliament approves the military service law - After the Sunni summit at Karami, the Mufti calls for supporting Karami and expanding the government - The National Movement commits to stopping the fighting - The army intervenes in Zahle - Copies of the Quran are burned in Aaraiya.

12/3/75: A Lebanese complaint against Israel to the United Nations - Calm in the capital, increasing flying checkpoints and continuing clashes in the north - Gemayel accepts an invitation to visit Syria conveyed to him by Asem Qanso - Prince Fahd works in Cairo to settle Arab differences - Edde: I came to Paris to find out what is happening in Lebanon - Europe is keen on Lebanon's independence.

12/4/75: Palestine officially enters the UN Security Council to discuss the Israeli aggression on Lebanon and the Palestinians with a majority of 9 votes - Political and popular condemnation in Tripoli
Burning the Qurans and bombing churches - The National Movement accuses (the Second Division) - Karami calls for expanding the government - Arafat confirms to the Parliamentary Initiative Committee the resistance's keenness on Lebanon - Kidnapping and counter-kidnapping in Damour and Tripoli and deaths in Zahle after the truce of collecting salaries - The House of Representatives does not hold its session - Jumblatt, after his return, opens fire on Karami and whoever wants to bend, let him bend.

5/12/75: Sunni summit at Karami's house suggests consultation with Jumblatt - The Shiite MPs' meeting was not held and Al-Sadr confirms moderation - Chamoun warns the kidnappers. Gemayel visits Franjieh before heading to Damascus - The Labor Union warns against mass layoffs - A Palestinian meeting at Zuhair Mohsen's house - The Security Council discusses the Lebanese complaint against Israel in the presence of the PLO representative - Prince Fahd warns against dividing Lebanon - Al-Najadah confirms his confidence in Karami - Karami responds to Jumblatt - Kidnapping checkpoints catch 60 people - Clashes in the north and a strike in Tripoli - - Orion - Le Jour: Six thousand dead. 12/6/75: Black Saturday in Beirut (70) dead, 300 kidnapped, and dozens of bodies

The Phalanges are accused of it at a time when Gemayel and a Phalangist delegation are visiting Damascus - Four bodies of Phalangists in Al-Fanar - Karami is in seclusion and Chamoun is waving the emergency - Since this day, the fighting has extended to the Aley-Kahala road and the Damascus road is cut off - Massacres in Karantina and the port - The National Movement holds the Phalanges and known agencies responsible - Assad: Let the slogan in Lebanon be to stop death - Edde: There is a conspiracy against Lebanon and Syria - The situation in Zahle explodes - Battles in Aaraiya and Al-Qobbeh - Zgharta -

12/7/75: The fronts of Beirut and its suburbs flare up, as well as in Zahle - The National Forces condemn the Phalangist crime - The Phalanges accuse some forces and newspapers and deny it - Assad: The Phalanges gave us guarantees and we are keen on the cooperation of Franjieh and Karami - Prince Fahd: We do not support any party without Last in Lebanon.

75/12/8: A strike by the Phalanges in Starco in response to Black Saturday and the purging of the hotels area from them - Clashes in the North and Zahle - An exceptional session of the Council of Ministers and Franjieh calls for a national meeting - Jumblatt refuses to think about the emergency and boycotts the Baabda conference and warns after Black Saturday - Al-Bakr calls for a halt to the fighting and the start of dialogue - "De Murville": The deterioration is caused by the lack of control of the authority.

12/9/75: Stopping the right-wing storming of Ras al-Nabaa and clashes in Shiyah - Ain al-Rummaneh, and in Zahle, and the Phalange relies on the army - Edde from Paris: The goal is to bury the resistance

And the division will affect Syria - American veto against Lebanon - A meeting in the palace to save 50 people in the Phoenicia Hotel - Gemayel attacks the international left - Arafat meets with Jumblatt and the national forces - Jumblatt: We reject reconciliations except under conditions - Le Monde attacks the Black Saturday massacres and says: There are extremists dreaming of a Christian Lebanon - Moscow: They are making plans to divide Lebanon - Assad talks -
Jloud: Rejecting the Sinai agreement.

12/10/75: Franjieh attacks the left - Ongoing clashes in Beirut, Dekwaneh, and Zahle - The national forces call for the trial of the Phalange leadership and boycott the coordination committee - The Council of Ministers: The priority is to stop the fighting - Qleilat accuses the authority of helping the Phalange. Jumblatt: Franjieh's bias made him lose his ability to rule - National Forces delegation visits Karami - Destan visits Egypt - Coordination of positions between Jordan and Syria and support for Lebanese unity - Soviet Communist Party supports the Lebanese Communist Party and the National Movement to reach a peaceful settlement.

12/11/75: Storming of the Ghawarneh neighborhood after an agreement to stop the fighting, shelling between East Beirut and West Beirut, clashes in the north and Zahle - The army withdraws from the hotel area - Jumblatt responds to Franjieh violently, as does Salam - the head of the council

Al-Islami: We are not communists - "Al-Ahrar" accuses the left - A message from Ford to Karami - The Pope does not want to change the face of Lebanon.

12/75/12: Fighting continues despite Eid al-Adha - Khreish returns from the Vatican.

12/75/13: Battles and clashes in Beirut, the Bekaa and the North (109 dead and 50 bodies) - An army tank shells the PLO office in Corniche al-Mazraa - Asem Qanso accuses elements in the army of violating the ceasefire to drag the resistance into the battles and the resistance confirms its commitment - The national forces stipulate a complete ceasefire and the withdrawal of the army to withdraw its forces - The Coordination Committee disagrees over the army's deployment - Tony Frangieh: The division is a reality and Zgharta is more than Beirut - Gemayel demands Frangieh to bring the authority into the field - Al-Sadr winks at the Kataeb channel - Khreish calls for dialogue - Sadat accuses the "Thunderbolt" organization and some Arab countries of sending weapons to the parties to the conflict - Israel incites the West to intervene.

12/14/75: The nineteenth agreement to stop the fighting - The intensity of the clashes decreased, they continued in the north and Zahle (40) dead) - Franjieh: The resistance does not respect the agreements - Karami: The resistance has nothing to do with the crisis - The national forces agree to stop the fighting and Jumblatt says: Reconciliation depends on the demands - A unified military leadership for the right-wing organizations (the unified joint Lebanese leadership) - Destan in Cairo threatens internationalization - A call of love from the Emir of Kuwait - The army leadership responds to the accusations - Shimon Peres: The Lebanese war is religious and it is proof of the impossibility of establishing a state for all religions in Palestine.

12/15/75: Jumblatt visits Damascus and meets with Assad - Karami and Chamoun meet to consolidate the ceasefire - The coordination committee also works to consolidate it - The security forces take over the hotel area - The agreement was breached in Nabaa - Sin el Fil and Shiyah - Ain el Remmaneh. Clashes in the villages of Irda, Aashash and Deir Aashash, checkpoints in the Bekaa and clashes in Ali al-Nahri - Washington calls on Israel to consult with it before any aggression - The resistance: We tried to make six agreements to stop the fighting successful - (New Dawn, Libyan: The fighting will continue until the sectarian dilemma is resolved.

12/16/75: The Phalanges and the Free Men storm the town of Sabniyeh, and the Coordination Committee discusses and disagrees about the storming - Karami: Israel has ambitions in Lebanon and its waters - Sniping and shells in Shiyah - Ain al-Rummaneh, Nabaa - Sin el-Fil, Zahle.

And clashes in the axes of Muallaqa - Karak - Tripoli - Zgharta - Jumblatt praises his talks in Damascus - The Kuwaiti Foreign Minister calls for an Arab meeting to discuss the situation in Lebanon.

12/17/75: An altercation between Franjieh and Karami in the Council of Ministers - The clashes extend to the mountain (Aley - Kahala) and the tension continues in the traditional axes - The Phalanges emphasize the role of the state - Salam He attacks the rulers violently - Jumblatt stipulates the resignation of Franjieh and Chamoun - Edde: I went to Washington to find out what is happening in Lebanon.

12/75/18: Partial withdrawal from combat positions - Chamoun and Amin Gemayel attack the communists - The national forces call for steadfastness for the sake of Lebanon's Arabism and the preservation of the resistance and the reform program - A Soviet official supports the resistance and attacks the Sinai agreement and supports the unity and development of Lebanon.

12/75/19: General Hikmat al-Shihabi carries a message from Assad to Franjieh and meets with politicians and calls for stopping the catastrophe - The fighting continues, formation of security field committees - Dayan against the establishment of a Palestinian state - Abu Iyad: We will prevent the partition and Franjieh is responsible
.

12/20/75: Assassination of Qassem al-Imad, the governor of the North and one of the leaders of the Progressive Socialist Party, and accusation of the Second Bureau - Return of clashes - Al-Shahabi returns optimistically to Damascus -
Edde: Israel is behind the events

12/21/75: The monastic memorandum attacks the Arab countries and the danger, the Sunni "and calls for the old Lebanon and accuses the Palestinians, the crisis between Karami and Franjieh intensifies, Chamoun
Attacks Arafat and Al-Sadr calls for carrying weapons - The resistance and the parties commit to stopping fighting on holidays - The army confronts an Israeli bulldozer - Clashes in Zahle -
The "Carlos" group "detains" the oil ministers in Vienna - Attacking the town of Ashash near Tripoli.

12/22/75: Shelling and attacking Zahle, and kidnapping in Mansourieh (42) dead) - Clashes return to the north - Syria denies Chamoun's accusations - Jumblatt's call for a national front - An appropriate message to Khreish - Karami visits Damascus - Baghdad accuses Syria of the events in Lebanon - A Lebanese communist attacks the mission of "De Murville".

12/23/75: The security situation in Beirut is disturbed and the parliament session is not held - The army bombs Saadnayel and Al-Muallaqa and clashes in Tripoli - Al-Sadr visits Damascus and Amin Gemayel accuses him of communism - King Khaled visits Jordan - The "Baath" organization denies the Iraqi accusations - Armed men attack the Baalbek Saraya - Israeli movements in the south.

12/24/75: Beirut does not celebrate Christmas because of the kidnapping and the night of missiles and shells - Franjieh praises Syria, and Jumblatt calls on him to resign and criticizes Karami - Gemayel threatens to use all means to save Lebanon from communism and denies Lebanon’s Arabism - Qleilat: Our conflict is not sectarian.
12/26/75: An Iraqi envoy arrives in Lebanon and conveys Al-Bakr's message to Franjieh - Battles in Zahle and the North and the bombing of West Beirut - A new agreement to stop the fighting - The national forces refuse to involve the army in the conflict - The PLO informs the League of its keenness on the unity and entity of Lebanon - King Khalid in Damascus meets with Assad and Arafat.

12/27/75: King Khalid supports Syria's efforts in Lebanon and calls for a mini-summit - After the difficult supply situation, the slaughterhouse residents storm (Cerelac) stores - The beginnings of a tense détente - Zuhair Mohsen attacks the Iraqi move and the Iraqi envoy responds - Rabin does not accept a third state between Israel and Jordan.

12/28/75: The situation improves but the sniping remains - The Iraqi envoy meets with all national parties - Al-Sadr's activity after his visit to Damascus - Gaddafi announces his readiness to contribute to resolving the crisis -
Riyadh: The trend towards an Arab initiative, and Lebanon, the PLO and Sudan agree.

12/29/75: Assad in Tehran attacks the division - Return of clashes to Shiyah - Ain al-Rummaneh - Wave of looting of commercial markets - Jumblatt welcomes Arab mediation, criticizes Karami and attacks the slogan: No victor, no vanquished - George Hawi praises Syrian efforts and denounces the claim of a communist conspiracy - The work of the coordination committee continues - Zuhair Mohsen denies the resistance's approval of Arabizing the crisis, and Abu al-Lutf says: We proposed joining Riad's efforts with Syria's efforts - Two operations by the fedayeen in the Galilee - The national parties warn against Arabization and reject what contradicts Syrian efforts - Abu Iyad: Unity with Syria actually exists - Algeria supports every Arab effort for a settlement. 12/30/75: Tension returns to Beirut, bullets, kidnapping, theft and failure to implement agreements on the eastern front - Jumblatt-Tueni meeting to find a common denominator - Gemayel insists on security before any dialogue - Mufti holds extensive consultations - Franjieh welcomes the Iraqi initiative and Karami calls for a common denominator - Sadr and Jumblatt agree to unify positions - Coordination Committee decides to shoot every rebel - Islamic summit meets in Aramoun with Arafat in attendance - Egypt prevents its citizens from traveling to Lebanon - Jelloud suddenly arrives in Baghdad.

12/31/75: Maronite summit in Baabda stipulates that reforms must preserve the constitution and return sovereignty, Gemayel hints at division when necessary - Edde, returning from Europe, accuses Israel, America and some Arab countries - Security forces replace militants - Abu Ammar's message on the 11th anniversary of the revolution: (Conspiracies seek to disarm us) Extensive Israeli movements - (The revolution) denounces attempts to Arabize the crisis

And what is the point of victory?