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Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 5_S

solid state device
dispositif m à semiconducteur

A solid device. An electronic device made of solid material and has no moving parts, such as: transistors, chips, and cors store.

sort
tri m

Sort. Arranging data items (such as a file of names or product types) in a predetermined order, which may be alphabetical or numeric, such as the order of house numbers or dates. Sorting can be performed for the entire file (so that all entries are stored in sequential order) or for only the items selected for printing. The computer performs the sorting process by comparing the data items, two at a time, and swapping their places in memory if necessary. There are different sorting methods (such as bubble sort and layer sort) that perform comparisons according to different orders, and sorting may sometimes be performed on only a part of the record.
Inverted files are sorted in a specific section of each record, and although sorting (file inversion) takes a long time, these files are quick to use when sorting.

source language
language m source

Native language. It is the language in which the programmer writes his program (the original program source) that the computer does not understand directly. The original program must either be converted to the object program (machine code that the computer can execute directly) using a compiler, or each line must be executed individually using an interpreter.

For example: BASIC, COBOL, and ALGOL are all considered native languages.

speech recognition
reconnaissance f de la parole

Speech recognition. Computer interpretation of the spoken word.
Word-responsive machines are now used, although the vocabulary is limited, and the pronunciation must be clear. Processor speeds and memory sizes limit their development at the present time.

speech synthesizer
synthesizer m de parole

Speech synthesizer. Speech generation by solid state circuits. It is used in hand-held educational machines and in games where no more than a limited number of words are necessary. There is currently a noticeable difference between machine speech and human speech, but the variety of machine tone is increasing.

spread sheet
programme m de calcul de tableaux

Spreadsheet program. An on-screen representation of a large sheet of paper on which data is manipulated to produce calculations at the touch of a button. The screen is divided into rows and columns, each intersection containing a cell. Data and tables representing headings can be entered, and when one sets up one's own formula rules, individual cells can be linked together in sequence to produce results. A change in a cell produces a series of refined calculations.

Because of the computer's ability to manipulate things, spreadsheet programs are useful in problem-solving strategies and in modeling real-life events. A spreadsheet is sometimes called a "what if", and can show the effects of changing events, conditions, prices, etc. on the final results.

sprocket holes
perforation f d'entrainement

Sprocket holes. These appear as a series of holes along the perforated paper strip and along the edges of continuous stationery. In both cases, these holes are used to automatically feed material into the machine, as in the case of paper strip.

SSI

Abbreviation for small-scale integration.
See large-scale integration.

stack
pile f

Stack. A temporary area of ​​memory used to store groups of data. Each time a new entry is added, all previous entries are moved down one place, hence they are said to be stacked one on top of the other. New entries are added last, and only the last entry can be removed at any time (i.e., the last entry or exit).