أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكمبيوتر - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ١_l

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 1_ L

language
language m

Language. In order to tell a computer what to do, we must use a language that it understands. In addition, the language we use must be precise and not allow any chance for double meaning. These languages ​​have evolved over the years, starting from machine code and mnemonic codes, all the way to high-level languages ​​such as BASIC and Pascal.

Language Symbolique d'Enseignement (LSE)
Language m Symbolique d'Enseignement

Symbolic instruction language. A high-level language developed in the early seventies in France for use in education.

large scale integration (LSI)
intégration ƒ à large échelle

Large-scale integration. A measure of the number of logic gates in a single chip with an area of ​​about half a square centimeter. SSI around 1961 had less than 20 gates, MSI around 1965 had between 20 and 100 gates. Large scale integration around 1969 was made to have between 100 and 5000 gates.

Now we have very large scale integration (VLSI) with over 5000 gates, although the acronym LSI is still common. Note that a microprocessor is a special purpose LSI, while LSIs used in watches and calculators are not microprocessors.

There are now attempts to produce an uncommited logic array (ULA) with logic gates connected in different ways for different customers. This is a cheaper and faster way to get a special type of chip since only one manufacturing stage is specific to the customer. However, the design is governed by the original logic gates and the possible connections between them.

lasercard
carte f à laser

Laser card. Invented in California, these cards are a new form of plastic card about the size of a bank or credit card, with a silver surface on the back. Up to 2 megabytes of data can be "burned" in depressions on the surface. The laser card can then be read by a weak laser. Data such as bank account details, medical history, digital photographs, fingerprints, signatures, or photographs (with X-rays) can be stored on the card. A single card can store voice patterns and up to 800 pages of a book.

These cards can be updated in a similar way to a compact disc-interactive (WORM) technology.

A powerful laser is used to burn new data onto unused parts of the card, with the added benefit of leaving an audit trail as an additional safeguard against misuse.
The laser card is expected to be widely used in many applications during the nineties due to the variety of data types that can be stored in it and because it is secure and cheap, just as is the case today with regular credit cards. Research is currently being conducted to produce a 10 megabyte laser card.

laser printer
printer ƒ à laser

Laser printer. This printer does not work by impact, it prints one page at a time, and uses a dry copying process. The image is projected onto a light-sensitive plate using a laser beam, and the plate is coated with a powder that then turns into paper.
These printers are characterized by high speeds (20 pages per minute), good layouts (high resolution) and good color rendering, but they are expensive. They are sometimes called xerographic laser printers.

LCD
affichage m à cristal liquide

Abbreviation for liquid - crystal display.

least significant character

charactère m le moins significatif

least significant character. In a group or row of characters, the least significant character is the one on the far right.

LED
diode f électroluminescente

Abbreviation for light - emitting diode.

left justification
justification ƒ à gauche

Left shift. The opposite of right justification is the arrangement of lines of text so that the ends of the lines on the left are on a single vertical line. However, it may also refer to data stored in successive locations that are all filled on the left, although there may be varying numbers of spaces on the right.

Leibniz
Leibniz

Leibniz. Gottfried Leibniz (1646 - 1716), German philosopher and mathematician who designed around 1670 a machine that could multiply and divide, as well as add and subtract, like Pascal's machine.

This was a forerunner of the mechanical desktop calculator.

library software
library f software

Library software. It is the programs and procedures available to all users of a particular computer, and it forms part of the computer facilities.