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speed
vitesse f

Speed. Wheel. The speed of an object is the average distance

traveled in a unit of time.

Average speeds in a period of time are calculated by:

Distance traveled/time taken

For example: A train running between cities and covering 200 miles in 21/2 hours, its average speed is:

200/21/2 = 80 miles per hour

The instantaneous speed of an object at a given time is the limit of the average speeds over a sequence of time periods approaching zero.

The drawing shows the distance traveled by the object in free fall.

The average speed is measured during the second and third seconds by the gradient of the AC chord. Average speed:

45-5/3-1 = 20 meters per second.

The instantaneous velocity after the second and third seconds is measured by the tangent gradient at B. Velocity:
40-20 /1 = 20 meters per second.

sphere
spheres f


Sphere. A circular solid formed by a set of points in space that are all equally distant from a specific fixed point.

A soccer ball, a soap bubble, and a globe are all examples of approximately spherical shapes.

The fixed point is called the center of the sphere, and the common distance of the points on its surface from the center is called the radius (radius).

The Cartesian equation for a sphere centered at the point (a.b.c) and with a radius r is:

(x-a)²+(y-b)² + (z - c)² = r²

The surface area of ​​a sphere with a radius r is given by the formula: Α = 4 πr²

The volume of a sphere with a radius r is given by the formula:
ν = 4/3 πr3

spiral
spirale f

Spiral. Spiral. A general term for flat curves or curved surfaces with spirals resembling the distinctive patterns found in the natural world.

Spring
Snail shell
Seashell

An example of this is the logarithmic or equiangular spiral.
This spiral can be created by repeatedly cutting a rectangle into squares and inscribing it with quadrant circles.

spread
dispersion f

A term used to refer to the dispersion of data from an average measurement. Two commonly used measures of spread are the interquartile range and the standard deviation

Examples.
Data A
19, 21, 15, 25, 20, 22, 18, 20, 17, 23 20,

Data B
0 20, 40, 30, 10, 5, 35, 2, 38, 20

The means of the two data sets are equal, but the differences in the individual data items from the means are:
Differences of A
1, 1, 5, 5, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 3

Differences of B
0, 20, 20, 10, 10, 15, 15, 18, 18, 0

The average difference from the mean for A is
22/10=2.2

And the average difference from the mean for B It is
126/10=12.6

By measuring in this way, it appears that the data in group B have a greater spread away from the mean.