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Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Physics - English - French - Arabic Letter 4_ P


Planck
Planck m

Plank. Max Planck
(1858 - 1947). Quantum theory came about as a result of the work of Einstein and Planck. We use the name of the latter in the Planck constant, which appears in the formula W=hf, where W is the energy of a frequency f.


plane wave
on the plane

Plane wave. It is a wave that, if produced in water by a straight plunger, consists of equal wave fronts propagating in a straight line.


plasma
plasma m

Plasma. In the opinion of some, it is a fourth state of matter. At very high temperatures, gas particles begin to lose electrolytes. Thus, the gas becomes a mixture of ions and electrons. Plasma is the state of matter in stars and fusion reactors.


plastic behaviour
Comportement / plastic

Plastic behavior. It results from the sliding of two layers of atoms when they are greatly stressed, leading to a form of “flow” in solid materials. Plastic is a material that deforms easily. Therefore, it can be formed with simple tools. Compare with elasticity.



polarization
polarization f

Polarization. Transverse waves, but not longitudinal waves, can be polarized. Longitudinal wave oscillations can only be in one direction, back and forth along the power transmission line. As for the transverse wave, its oscillations intersect with this line. There are many possibilities for this to happen, as in (a) below.

Polarization (b) involves confining vibrations to one direction
just one .

Like all electromagnetic waves, light can also be polarized. A Polaroid (polarized) sample can do this, as can reflection.

Polarized radiation has many uses in science and industry.


pole
pôle m

pole. A region of the magnetic field where the force is strongest. Most bar magnets have two poles. A suspended magnet tends to face north-south. We call the pole that tends to point north the north-seeking pole, the north (n) pole, and we call the other pole the south-seeking pole, the south (s) pole.


potential difference (V)
Différence ƒ de potentiel

Latency difference. Electricity does not flow between two places unless there is a potential difference between them, which is the work done or energy change when a unit of charge (coulomb) passes from one point to another. That's why many people use the word voltage, abbreviated P.d. See also electro - motive force and Ohm's law


potential energy
energie ƒ potentielle

Inner energy. It is usually the energy that an object stores due to its location. The water falling in a waterfall carries potential gravitational energy that is transformed into kinetic energy.

mgh = (potential energy).P.E

Potential energy can also be stored in the form of elastic, chemical, or electrical energy.