أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكيمياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ١_ e

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Chemistry - English - French - Arabic Letter 1_ E


efflorescence
efflorescence f

scatter. The process by which crystals lose part
From water of crystallization while in the air, the crystals become powdery in surface. A famous example of this process is sodium carbonate (washing soda):

Na2CO3. 10H2O→ Na2 CO3 + 10 H₂O
(solid) (solid) (gas)


electric current or electricity
Courant mélectrique

Electric current or electricity.
See current.


electrochemical series
Series of electrochemistry

Kahr chemical series. Different elements
Interactive. When a metal is immersed in a solution of one of its salts, such as zinc in a solution of zinc sulphate, the following reaction occurs:

Electrons + zinc ions - zinc

Zn (solid) → Zn2+ (aqueous) + 2e-

Electrolytes go into the solution while electrons stick to the metal. If the metal and the solution are made part of a circuit, electrons flow in this circuit. The more reactive the metal, the stronger the movement of electrons.

Increasing interactivity

Potassium K
Sodium Na
Calcium Ca
Magnesium Mg
Aluminum Al
Zinc Zn
Iron Fe
Lead Pb
Hydrogen H
Copper Cu
Silver Ag

When metals are arranged according to the force they produce, this arrangement is called the “electrochemical series.” The benefit of the series is that it allows us to compare reactions and thus predict reactions. For example:
Zinc removes oxygen from carbon dioxide (Il)
But
The copper will not remove the oxygen from the zinc oxide, and the hydrogen will return the copper(II) oxide but it does not

Zinc and copper oxide do not react with acids at all. Hydrogen.

electrode

electrode f

A conductor immersed in an electrolyte allows current (electrons) to flow to and from the electrolyte. Copper, carbon, and platinum are used as a path in electrolysis processes, in which reactions occur at two paths.
See cathode and anode.

electrolysis
Electrolyse f

Electrolysis: When a direct electric current (DC) is passed through a liquid containing electrolytes, chemical changes occur at the two electrodes.

Electrolyte and sodium chloride solution
At the elevator
CI- > CI + e-
2CI → Cl2
Chlorine is released

At the landing strip
H++e->H
2H → H2
Hydrogen is released

2 [H+ + Cl-]→ H2 + Cl2

Electrolysis is used to extract metals and non-metals from solutions. Aluminum, sodium, and copper are produced in this way, as well as chlorine.


electrolyte
electrolyte m

Electrolyte. The electrolyte (electrolytic solution) may be a molten electrolyte compound, such as:

(Liquid) PbL2 (Liquid) NaCl

Or a solution containing electrolytes:

HCI NaOH KI CuSO4
(aqueous) (aqueous) (aqueous) (aqueous)

Chemical changes take place when a continuous electrical current is passed through an electrolyte (electrolysis).

The change is slight in the case of molten compounds such as sodium chloride:
2Na+ Cl- (liquid) > 2Na (liquid) + Cl2 (gas)

The result is two elements.
In the case of anionic solutions, the processes are more complex, and the result depends on the concentration of the solution, the voltage used, the type of electrode used, and the nature of the electrolytes present in the solution. Example :

Interaction

40H- (aqueous) > 2H2O + (liquid) O2 + (gas)4e

Cu (solid) -> Cu2- + 2e- (aqueous)

the elevator

(a) Carbon or platinum
(b) Copper

Electrolyte

CuSO4
(water)

In one case (a) the oxygen is released, and in the other case (b) the copper anode is dissolved. Process (B) is used to purify copper.