أكاديميا - كولنز معاجم الجيب العلمية - البيولوجيا انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف _ k

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keratin
keratin f

Two balls. Horn is a strong, fibrous protein found in the epidermis of vertebrates. It forms the protective outer layer of the skin, as well as hair, nails, wool, feathers, and horns.


kidney
rein m

college . An excretion and osmoregulation organ in vertebrates, consisting of units called nephrons. The kidneys in humans are a pair of red-brown, oval-shaped structures located in the back of the abdomen.
Oxygenated blood enters.

Aorta
Renal vein
Renal artery
vena cava
college
Milker
bladder
Urethra
sphincter

Each kidney via the renal artery, the renal vein removes deoxygenated blood and another tube, the ureter, connects each kidney to the bladder.

Renal artery (unfiltered blood carrying oxygen)
Renal vein (deoxygenated filtered blood)
ureter (urine)
Glomeruli
Shell

The renal artery is divided into arterioles
Numerous blood capillaries ending in small nodes called glomeruli. Each glomerulus (there are about a million glomeruli in the human kidney) is encased in a cup-shaped organ called Bowman's capsule.

A branch of a renal artery
glomerulus (blood capillaries)
A branch of a renal vein
Bowman wallet

There are two processes that occur in the kidneys:
(a) Ultrafiltration: The blood vessel leaving each glomerulus is narrower than the vessel entering it, which subjects the blood in the glomerulus to high pressure, forcing the blood components with smaller molecules to pass through the selectively permeable capillary wall into Bowman's capsule.

Large particles
(not nominated)
Blood cells
Plasma proteins
plasma proteins

Small particles
(nominated)
Glucose
A urine
Mineral salts mineral
water salts
Amino acids

(b) Reabsorption: The fluid leaking from the blood passes from Bowman’s capsule down to the small renal tubule, where useful substances are reabsorbed, that is, “all” the glucose and amino acids, and some salts and water that the blood reabsorbs.

Blood into the renal vein
Blood from the renal artery
glomerulus
Small collection tube
Water reabsorbed into the ureters.
Bowman wallet
Glucose and acids
Amino and water reabsorbed
Reabsorbed salts
Small renal tubule.

The fluid resulting from the filtration and reabsorption carried out by the kidney is a solution of salts and urea in water (urine) and passes to the bladder through the urethra, and is expelled from there through the urethra under the control of the sphincter muscle. See -anti diuretic hormone.


kingdom
règne m

world. Kingdom. Any of three major divisions of living organisms: the animal, plant, and protozoan worlds. See classification.