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hormones (animals)
hormones fpl (animaux)

hormones in animals). Chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands and transported through the bloodstream to specific organs (target organs), where they cause specific effects that are vital for regulating and coordinating the body's activities. The hormone action is usually slower than the nerve stimulation. The following tables summarize the properties of some important human hormones. There are many other hormones not mentioned here.

Endocrine gland
Pituitary gland.

Hormone
Anti-diuretic hormones (ADH).

Effects
Regulates the reabsorption of water by the kidneys.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

Stimulates the production of thyroxine in the thyroid gland.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

It causes the eggs to mature and the ovaries to produce estrogen (androgenic).

Luteinizing hormone (hor-mone) LH.

It initiates ovulation and causes the ovary to release progesterone.

Growth hormone.

Stimulates growth in young animals. Its deficiency in humans leads to dwarfism, and its abundance leads to gigantism.

Thyroid
thyroxin thyroid gland

It controls the rate of growth and development of young animals. Its deficiency in human infants leads to cretinism.

It controls the rate of chemical activity in adults. Too much of it leads to thinness and hyperactivity, while too little of it leads to obesity and laziness.

Pancreatic gland (islets of Langerhans)
Insulin.

Stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver. Its deficiency causes diabetes. daibetes.

adrenal glands
Adrenaline adrenalin

When faced with a sudden, imminent danger, it causes changes that increase the animal's effectiveness, such as increased heartbeat and breathing, blood shunting from the intestines to the muscles, and the conversion of glycogen in the liver into glucose.

Ovaries
Estrogen

Stimulates secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development.
It causes an increase in the thickness of the uterine wall during the menstrual cycle.

progesterone
The uterus is prepared for implantation.

Testes
Testicular hormone testosterone

Stimulates secondary sexual features in males, such as facial hair.


hormones (plants)
hormones fpl (plantes)

Hormones in girls are growth substances, such as auxins, that are related to many plant processes, including tropism and germination. . . etc.


humerus
humérus m

humerus The bone is the upper part of the front limb of tetrapods, and in humans it is the bone of the upper arm. See endoskeleton.


humus
humus m

Humus. Dark-colored organic matter found in soil composed of decaying plants and animals that provides nutrients to plants and, eventually, animals. See soil.


hybrid
hybride m

hybrid. A plant or animal born as a result of a cross between two parents that are genetically different from one another, or between two different but closely related organisms.


hydrolysis
hydrolyse f

Hydrolysis. The breakdown of complex organic compounds by an enzyme that requires the addition of water. Hydrolysis is the basic reaction in all digestion processes of protein polysaccharides, fats, and many other compounds.

Large complex compound (e.g. starch) + H2O enzyme small subunits (e.g. glucose)


hydrotropism
hydrotropism m

Hydrotropism. Water tropism. Roots: Plants have positive hydrotropism, meaning they grow toward water.