أكاديميا - كولنز معاجم الجيب العلمية - البيولوجيا انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ١_ f

Academia - Collins Scientific Pocket Dictionaries - Biology
English - French - Arabic Letter 1_ F


F₁ ( generation ) ( first filial generation )

Previous generation of descendants

First Filial Generation The first generation of progeny offspring obtained from breeding experiments. The subsequent generations are called F2, and so on, see monohybrid inheritance.


faeces
fèces fpl

Faeces. Undigested food remains and bacteria. . Etc., formed in the colon and excreted through the anus in mammals, whether solid or semi-solid.


family
family f

Species A unit used in the classification of living organisms, consisting of one or more genus.


fats (or lipids)
graisses fpl

Fats or lipids (organic compounds containing the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fats consist of three fatty acid molecules) that may be the same or different linked to one glycerol molecule.

Fat deposits under the skin act as a long-term energy storehouse that gives off 39 kilojoules/g when breathing. These stores also provide thermal insulation.

Glycerol
fatty acid fatty acid fatty acid

Fat is an important component of the cell membrane, and its insolubility in water is used in the water resistance systems of many organisms.


femur
femur m

Thigh bone .
1 - The part of the insect closest to the body. 2 - The thighbone in tetrapods. See endoskeleton.


fermentation
fermentation f

Fermenting. Degradation of organic compounds occurs in the absence of oxygen for the purpose of producing energy in some organisms, especially bacteria and yeasts. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration. For example: fermentation using yeast.

Yeast glucose ATP ADP ethanol + carbon dioxide

fertilization
fertilization f

Fertilization. Fusion of haploid gametes during sexual reproduction results in a single cell, the zygote, containing a diploid number of chromosomes.

External fertilization occurs when the pupae are thrown outside the parents, where fertilization and development take place independently of the parents. External fertilization is common in aquatic organisms, where the movement of water helps the pupae to meet. For example:

Amphibians (toads, for example)
Eggs leave the female's body

Fish (stickleback, for example)
She lays eggs in the nest
Fertilize eggs
Indicates the nest
Bloated stomach

Internal fertilization particularly accompanies terrestrial animals, such as insects, birds, and mammals, and involves the union of the females inside the female's body. Among the advantages of internal fertilization are: (a) the semen is not exposed to inappropriate dry conditions, (b) the chances of fertilization are increased, (c) the fertilized egg is protected inside a shell (in birds) or inside the female’s body (in mammals).

Fertilization in insects:
Locust - laying eggs - copulation

Fertilization in humans:
Ovarian tube, ovary, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva
Kidney, ureter, bladder, tilted to the right (urethra).

Sperm cord. Sperm duct. Testicular urethra
Kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate gland, Cowper's gland, penis, epididymis.

Sperm cells produced by the testicles are passed out of the penis during copulation, where the penis is inserted into the vagina. The sperm moves through the uterus, and if an egg is found in the ovarian canal, fertilization can occur there.

Fertilization of the egg
Mona . Spermatoid nucleus - nuclear tail.
Nucleus - egg

Fertilization of the egg: The fertilized egg (zygote) continues to move towards the uterus and divides repeatedly during this. Upon reaching the uterus, the zygote has become a ball of cells and is enclosed within the prepared uterine wall. This is called implantation, and the subsequent development of the embryo in the uterus occurs. See pregnancy And birth.

Fertilization in plants: After pollination in flowering plants, the pollen grains located on the stigmas absorb nutrients and grow pollen tubes down through the style, and these tubes enter the ovules (seeds) through the micropyles. The head of each pollen tube disintegrates, and the male bride enters the egg and merges with the female bride.

A pollen grain stuck to the stigma of a pen. The pollen tube enters the embryo sac through the porthole. A male and a female couple fuse and fertilization occurs

A male bride moving down the pollen tube Pollen tube A white wall that forms part of the fruit (the embryo sac) An egg (that becomes a seed)

After fertilization, the egg containing the plant embryo develops into a seed and the ovary develops into a fruit. See flower, pollen, and pollination.