أكاديميا - كولنز معاجم الجيب العلمية - البيولوجيا انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٢_ c

Academia - Collins Scientific Pocket Dictionaries - Biology
English - French - Arabic letter 2_ C

carpel
carpelle f

Carbalization. The female part of the flower, which contains an ovary, has different numbers of ovaries

Carbelization
Maysam
pencil
Ovarian wall
an egg
Fetal sac
skylight
Feminine bride


Ovules that contain embryo sacs with female gametes inside them.
. see fertilization in plants

cartilage
cartilage m

Cartilage. Tissue noun found in vertebrates. Cartilage is found in mammals in the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the ends of bones at mobile joints, while the entire skeleton in some fish, such as sharks, for example, is formed from cartilage.

catabolism
catabolism m

Catabolic metabolism catabolism. See: metabolism.

caudal
caudal

caudal. The part of an animal at or near its tail.

cell
cellule f

cell. A unit of cytoplasm controlled by a single nucleus surrounded by a selectively permeable membrane. Cells are the basic units from which most living things are made.

Animal cell
Cell membrane
nucleus
Cytoplasm.
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
gap
Plant cell

The nucleus: contains genetic material, chromosomes, and controls cell activities.

And cytoplasm: The liquid body of the cell in which the chemical reactions of life take place, such as respiration.

The cell membrane: This membrane controls the entry and exit of substances, allowing some substances to pass and preventing the passage of other substances. Such a membrane is described as a selective permeability membrane.

Cell wall: It is found in plants and consists of cellulose, which gives the plant cell its shape and hardness.

Chloroplasts are structures found inside green plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

The vacuole: in plants, it is filled with cell sap, which, when present in sufficient quantity, creates pressure on the cytoplasm and the cell wall that helps maintain the cell's durability and flexibility. See protoplasm.

cell differentiation
difference in cellulaire

Cellular differentiation is the process of change in cells during their growth and development, where previously undifferentiated cells become specialized in a specific function as a result of structural changes.

For example, cell division of plant cells follows the increase in size of the daughter cells

gap
Gaps form
Cytoplasm
nucleus
Cell wall

58

(elongation) by absorption of water. After elongation, cell differentiation occurs as a result of changes in the protoplasm and the cell wall.
For example:
(a) The walls of some cells are strengthened with more cellulose, as in the cortex
And epidermis.

(b) Lignin is located in the walls of some cells, as in the xylem.

(c) Some cells develop organelles, such as the large number of chloroplasts in the palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf.

cell division
division f cellulaire

Cell division. The cell and its contents split into two. The nucleus usually divides by mitosis, a process that gives the daughter nuclei exactly the same number of chromosomes as the mother nucleus. When the cell divides
To form gametes (sex cells, the nucleus is divided by meiosis, which provides the daughter nuclei with half the original number of gametes. The cytoplasm in animals is divided into two by constriction, while in plants, division occurs by erecting a wall between the two halves.