أكاديميا - كولنز معاجم الجيب العلمية - البيولوجيا انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٣_ b

Academia - Collins Scientific Pocket Dictionaries - Biology
English - French - Arabic letter 3_ B


brain
service m

brain . A large mass of nerve cells found in animals that have a central coordination function. This mass is found in vertebrates at the front end of the body, protected by the cranium, and is connected to the body via the spinal cord and its spinal nerves, or directly via cranial nerves, such as the optic nerve and the auditory nerve.
The figure shown is a representation of a vertebrate brain.

Hind brain
Posterior choroid plexus
Spinal Cord
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata

Midbrain
Optic lobe

Forebrain
Pineal body
the pituitary gland
Olfactory lobe
Anterior choroid plexus
Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)

The human brain contains millions of nerve cells that constantly receive and send nerve impulses. The brain is distinguished by its ability to translate electrical impulses in a way in which environmental stimuli and light, such as sound, can be fully perceived so that the recipient of the stimulus can respond to the environment and adapt to it in the best ways. Likewise, the brain coordinates physical activities to ensure efficient operation and stores information so that behavior can be modified based on previous experiences.


breathing (in mammals)
respiration f

Respiration (in mammals). Inhaling and exhaling air for the purpose of gas exchange. The gas exchange surface in mammals is found in the lungs. Air exchange in the lungs (ventilation) results from changes in thorax volume caused by work

The lungs and accompanying structures

Rib
Left lung.
Intercostal muscles
Pleural cavity containing fluid.
the heart.
Pleural membranes.
Diaphragm.
Nasal cavity
Reed
throat
Tracheostomy
Right shinbone
Bronchioles

The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles. When the diaphragm contracts, its convexity decreases, which increases the volume of the chest and causes air to rush into the lungs. Relaxing the diaphragm reduces the size of the chest and causes air to be exhaled. The work of the diaphragm is accompanied by lifting the cage

exhalation
Reduced ribs
Expelled air
Relaxed (raised) diaphragm

inhalation
High ribs
Air rushes in
Contractile diaphragm (low)

Intercostal muscles
Back bone
Sternum
Ribs

The thoracic rib cage is lowered, which is necessary to accommodate lung volume changes. These rib cage movements result from contraction of the intercostal muscles.

breathing rate
It's all about inspiration

Respiratory rate. Lung ventilation rate. In humans, the medulla oblongata controls breathing movements. It is located in the brain and is characterized by its sensitivity to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. If the concentration of carbon dioxide rises sharply as a result of increased respiration, for example during physical exercise, the brain sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which respond by increasing the rate and depth.
Breathing. This accelerated rate of breathing helps expel excess carbon dioxide and increase the supply of oxygen to the breathing cells.

bronchus
bronch f

bronchus. One of the two air passages branching off from the trachea in vertebrates with pneumonia. See lungs.

budding
bourgeonnement m

A bud. Asexual reproduction in which a new organ is formed as a dedicated growth, or as a bud, issued by a father, and often

New Hydra detachment
Be a new hydra
Being the mother's body
Bud formation
yeast

The newborn becomes completely separated from the mother. Budding is common in coelenterates, such as hydra, for example, and in unicellular fungi, such as yeast.

bulb
bulbe f

Onion. The vegetative reproduction organ in flowering plants, which consists of a shoot whose short stem is covered with scale-like leaves. During the growing season, one or more buds in the bulb turn into a new plant using the food stored in the bulb.
Onion-producing plants include the tulip, daffodil, and onion.

Onion clip
Leaves
flower bud
Papers for the following year
Root
leg
Lateral bud