أكاديميا - كولنز معاجم الجيب العلمية - البيولوجيا انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٣_ a

Academia - Collins Scientific Pocket Dictionaries - Biology
English - French - Arabic letter 3_A


anterior
anterieur

In front of me. A term that describes the body parts found on or near the front or head of an animal. Compare with posterior.

anther
anther f

Muthbar. In the flower, it is the upper part of the stamen and contains pollen grains.

antibiotics
antibiotics mpl

Antibiotics are substances formed by some bacteria and fungi that prevent the growth of other microorganisms. Examples of antibiotics include penicillin and streptomycin.


antibodies
anticorps mpl



Antibodies are proteins produced by mammalian tissues in response to antigens, that is, substances foreign to the body. (Examples of this include: microorganisms such as germs and their toxins, or organs or transplanted tissues). Antibodies react with...
Antigens, making them harmless.

Neutralizing antigens
Antibodies
Generators vs

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone

A urate-retaining hormone, a hormone secreted in mammals by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the reabsorption of water by the kidneys, which reduces water loss in urine. See kidney.

the pituitary gland
Less production for God b
High level of water in the blood
Greater production for God b
Low level of water in the blood
Less water is reabsorbed by the kidneys
Producing large amounts of diluted urine
More water is reabsorbed by the kidneys
Producing small amounts of concentrated urine

antigens
Antigènes mpl

Antigens. See antibodies.

anus
anus m

anus. The final opening of the alimentary canal in mammals, through which faeces are excreted. The anus is opened and closed by the sphincter muscle.

aorta
aorte f

Aorta . It is the largest arteries in the circulatory system in mammals, and it carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

appendix
appendice m

excess. A small sac found at the connection between the ileum and the cecum in some mammals. Its function in humans is not clear.

aqueous humour
Humer f aqueuse

Aqueous humor. A transparent “watery” fluid fills the anterior chamber of the mammal’s eye, between the cor-nea and the lens. See eye.

arteries
artères fpl

Arteries. Blood vessels transport blood from the heart to the tissues. In mammals, arteries carry oxygenated blood (an exception to this rule, see pulmonary vessels) and branch into smaller vessels called arterioles. The arteries have thick, flexible muscular walls to withstand the high pressure caused by the heartbeat.

Arterial section

Elastic muscle tissue
Thick wall

asexual reproduction
Reproduction as sex

Asexual reproduction. Reproduction in which organisms are formed from a single parent without the production of a gamete. The offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent and between individuals and are referred to as a clone.
See binary fission, budding, spore, and reproduction


assimilation (of food)
assimilation f (des aliments)

Representation (of food). The process of combining food particles
Digested in the protoplasm of an organism. For example, glucose that is not immediately needed in mammals to provide energy for tissue respiration is transferred in the liver and muscle cells to storage in the form of carbohydrate glycogen, which can be converted back into glucose if the level of glucose in the blood falls. (See insulin). The excess glucose that is not stored in the form of glycogen is transformed into fat and stored in fat storage cells under the skin as a long-term energy reserve.

Fatty acids and glycerol are reassembled into fat. Excess fat is stored as mentioned above.

Amino acids are synthesized into proteins. Excess amino acids cannot be stored, but are eliminated from the liver through the process of deamination.