أشكال المجرات ، وما بينها من أبعاد .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

Galaxy shapes

They classified galaxies according to their shapes into two large categories: (a) a system that has a clear, regular shape, and (b) an irregular system that has no shape.
They found that the first category includes about 97 percent of known galaxies.

Then they divided this first type into two parts: elliptical. Spiral. The spiral galaxy has two arms that extend around it according to its rotation.

Then they divided the elliptical galaxies into sections.
First, they are rounded, then they begin to spread out. This is how they divide spiral galaxies. They start out as ovate and spread out, then they begin to thin out and have two arms.

The well-known astronomer Hoyle believed that perhaps all of this classification is due to the physical characteristics of these galaxies.

This kurtosis, bleaching in shape, and spiraling is closely related to the movement of these galaxies around their axis. The more the movement increases, the more the galaxy splays, bleaches, and then spirals.

- Galaxies and the dimensions between them:

We learned, when mentioning the stars in one galaxy, how far apart the stars are from each other. We confirm this once again and say: If a star is one yard in diameter, then it is average

(An open galaxy, in 1300 Eridanus NGC, its core lengthened like a rod, and from both ends of the rod emerged the two spiral arms of the galaxy. It gives you the idea of ​​rotating around itself, and this is true. But it takes hundreds of millions of years to wrap a single language around itself, so there is no hope for the people of Earth to see Little change in appearance over the years)

The distance between it and all the stars around it is about 10,000 miles. The stars are undoubtedly in far apart positions within their galaxies.

And other than that, the galaxies are among themselves. The distance between a galaxy and its sister may not exceed a distance that is 100 times the diameter of the galaxy itself. So if we drew on paper a line with a length of one yard, representing one galaxy, we would draw a sister to it, a yard like it, or so. 100 yards away from it.

Galaxies are composed of groups:

There are circumstances that make galaxies appear closer to each other than this, because galaxies tend to gather in groups. Some of these groups consist of about ten galaxies, while there are other groups consisting of a few thousand galaxies.

Astronomers have uncovered a few thousand of these galactic clusters, the largest of which is the Coma Cluster, near the north pole of our galaxy. This group consists of about 10,000 galaxies, their average distance from us is 220 million light-years.

The large telescope, the Palomara Mountain Observatory telescope, with a 200-inch diameter mirror, can observe for us some of these galactic systems hidden by luminosity, such that they fall in brightness levels of the twenty-fourth degree. Its distance from it is thousands of millions of light years. That is, we see it today, not as it is today, but as it was while the Earth was still in its early infancy, with no life on it, and no plants in its soil.

- Galaxies are distributed in the sky in the same way:

The astronomer looks into space, in any direction, and finds it, in terms of the distribution of galaxies in it, one space, no different from one another. What this means is that space has the same physical characteristics, wherever the shooter looks.

A photograph of a general view of our galaxy, the Milky Way, composed of many photographs joined together. The observer sees in it the black gaps that the English astronomer (Herschel) thought were openings in the sky, but they are nothing but gases and dust that obscured what is behind them. In the picture, what looks like the equator and lines of longitude and latitude, like the ones we made for the Earth, to determine the positions of the stars... and in the picture are the celestial bodies outside of Our galaxy. It's galaxies)

(The galaxy, whose table number is Messier 51, and its plane faces the observer, so its shape appears circular. The arms of the snail came out directly from its large nucleus and were wrapped around it. Among the galaxies are some whose plane does not face the eye, so they appear in the photographic drawing as if they were oval in shape, not round.)

- As for after:

The knowledge of heaven gives man knowledge, and knowledge is undoubtedly psychological nourishment. The soul hungers for knowledge just as the body hungers for food. The sign of that is the aspiration to uncover every unknown.

But knowing the sky gives something beyond knowledge. It gives intelligence, and with intelligence it gives what is higher than it, that is wisdom.

The greatest wisdom learned from the knowledge of heaven is that unity that is widespread in all of this existence. People mention humans when they talk about existence. Man must be dismissed as a crime, and we are talking about existence, so where is he in relation to existence? Where is the planets and stars? Among those images that continue to come to us over millions of years, as drawn by observatories and photographed by their telescopes?

The greatest danger of man, despite his zero guilt, is that he can reason, understand, and imagine: and realize the unity going on within him, that which connects him to the unity of the universe with a thread, which may be thin, but is strong of iron.

This unity is that all these bodies rotate. Rotation is its characteristic. Rotating around itself. Revolving around a body larger than its body. The moon revolves around itself once a month, and it revolves around the Earth once a month. The planets revolve around the sun. The sun and its nine descendants rotate with the galaxy, our galaxy, as it revolves around its axis and the cycle completes in about 200 million years. Every star in this galaxy, which is hundreds of thousands of millions of stars, rotates with the galaxy just as the sun rotates.

The sun revolves around itself in about 25 days or more. And so do the stars. Scientists have revealed
Galaxies rotate around themselves, just as our galaxy rotates.

A universe that only knows movement. Dead, but movement is life. Dead, but within it there is life, images, some of which have appeared and some of which are still hidden.

The circle is a feature of this existence.
Sunrise and sunset, then sunrise.

Seeds sprout, and plants bloom. And a flower that bears fruit. The plant dies, but seeds remain that carry on the life cycle.

Childhood, then boyhood and manhood, then old age and old age. Old age passes, but after leaving behind a revolving life.
The circle is only one facet of unity.

(The spiral galaxy in Come Berenices NGC 4565 is seen, and its level is at the level of sight, so it appears as a single line)