الانسان يحلي ماء البحر بوقود الأرض .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

Man sweetens sea water with earth's fuel.

Separating water from salt is undoubtedly an easy task.
An easy procedure: fire, sea water, evaporation, then condensation. But the problem is that the price of all this coal is expensive. Petroleum oil is expensive.

(Desalination of seawater by evaporation: Man has dealt with it since ancient times. Water boils and fire is under it. Then the resulting steam condenses. Then fresh water drips)

To this day, man has used expensive fuel to desalinate sea water, whenever necessary to pay this price, or where the fuel was cheap.

In Kuwait, for example, where there is no water, except the desert, and where petroleum gas, which comes from the ground, is burned and disposed of for fear of spoiling the atmosphere, a sweet water factory was established, which is the largest factory to date in the world. It is capable of providing about 27,000 cubic meters of fresh water per day.

At the American base on the island of Cuba, the Guantanama base, where Dr. Castro cut off the water to the American army stationed there, the United States transferred to it a distillery that was in California. It cost many millions of dollars to manufacture and transport, and it is capable of producing 5,000 meters of water per day. pure water . Do not ask about the cost of a meter of water produced there. If the meter cost a full dollar, the states would pay for it. The issue was a challenge.

Other considerations related to the production of fresh water from sea water in normal peaceful conditions.

- Science intervenes to reduce expenses:

However, in order for water desalination by evaporation to become widespread, the expense must be reduced, to about one-eighth the cost of ordinary water today used in homes, in factories, and for agriculture.

This duty is performed by knowledge and technology together, and technology is nothing but knowledge applied, in the form of geometry and the like.

Going into the details of this matter is long and difficult in pages like these.
But proverbs set.

- Evaporation method that exhausts steam heat:

Or as they call it fumigation with a double or multiple effect.

Despite the magnitude of the name and its strangeness, it has an easy meaning. The salt sea water is placed in a bowl (the right bowl in the attached illustration). Convoluted tubes enter this vessel, like intestines, and exit from it, carrying to it very hot, compressed water vapor that comes directly from the furnace. This steam heats the sea water in the vessel without mixing with it.

To explain our statement that this steam is extremely hot, we say: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius under atmospheric pressure, but this incoming water enters at 120 degrees Celsius, for example, so it is compressed above atmospheric pressure. It comes out after the salt water gives off a lot of its heat. This salt water evaporates, and its vapor rises at 105 degrees Celsius, for example. This steam, which is still hot, is led to the second vessel, which also contains sea water. It gives in turn its heat. Because it is close to 100 degrees when it enters this container, it drops below it when it leaves it, and thus it condenses, and we have eliminated some of it. It condenses fresh water. But the heat that he gave to the second vessel, despite its small amount, was able to evaporate water from this vessel. This is because we had reduced the pressure in the second vessel below atmospheric pressure.
The boiling point of water is 100 under atmospheric pressure, but it is below that and the pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.

Thus, in the third and fourth vessels, they are helped to benefit from the steam time and time again by reducing the pressure in the vessels.

This makes the greatest use of the heat used
Possible.
Thus, the expense is reduced.

It is the scientific fact that says that the temperature at which water evaporates or boils varies depending on the pressure above the water. Imagine this fact to benefit as much as possible from the thermal energy used.

To interpret this fact in another way: heat the sea water, but to a point where it does not boil in the atmosphere. Then they brought this water into a tank and lowered the pressure in it below atmospheric pressure. As soon as this hot sea water entered it, some of it suddenly poured out of it and became steam, which they condensed into water. The salt water then circulated to another tank, with lower pressure, and then another, each time producing sudden steam, until the salt water lost its heat and it was no use lowering the pressure in a new tank beyond what they had lowered. Because water boils in every tank suddenly or suddenly, they called this method the sudden or flashing evaporation method. Flash evaportation.

There are other methods of conversion, the aim of which is to benefit from the heat used to the greatest extent, but as we mentioned
Enough.

Rivers will originate at the sea coast and flow in reverse to flow where they originally originate.