الذرات قد تمتص النيوترونات فتتحول الى ( نظائر )، الفرن الذرِّي ، في سبيل موسوعة علمية

Atoms may absorb neutrons
It turns into (isotopes)... the atomic furnace

The neutron may be absorbed by the nucleus of the element with which it collides, and this results in an element with a heavier atom, but the atom remains the same, in terms of its chemical properties, because the neutron does not have a positive or negative electrical charge. For example, the neutron hits the adrogen, and it settles in the nucleus of the adrogen atom. It becomes heavier. Neutrons produce this in the hydrogen of water, resulting in heavy water. Since heavy hydrogen has the same chemical properties as ordinary, light hydrogen, this hydrogen is called an isotope.

Neutrons turn uranium into plutonium, bomb fuel:

Another example related to what we are talking about is atomic reactors. That's uranium 238. It is uranium, which is not split by neutrons like its brother, uranium 235, as we previously mentioned. However, in atomic reactors, the neutron strikes the nucleus of its atom and it turns into an isotope of uranium, increasing its atomic weight by one, so it is uranium 239. It soon turns into a new element, neptunium. It turns into plutonium, which is the fuel for the atomic bomb.

This is of course in addition to uranium 235, which was the first fuel for the bomb, but plutonium in this way is easier to find and extract.

So, atomic reactors are also “usurer.”
For plutonium Breeders.

The reactor may be designed so that its primary goal is to give plutonium, or to give heat and electricity, or both.

- Reactions taking place in the atomic reactor:

We count them now and find:
1 - Splitting of uranium-235 by slow neutrons
Speed, after carbon slowed down.
2 - Absorption of excessive neutrons,
It is absorbed by boron or cadmium, which is found in safety bars.
3 - Absorption and transformation of neutrons by urnium 238
To plutonium.

- Size of the atomic reactor:

In every body, whether a cube or a circle, there is a certain ratio between its volume and its surface. If we increase the dimensions of the square or circle, we increase this ratio. That is, its volume increases more than its surface.

If we know that the neutrons that emerge from the splitting of uranium, some of them escape from the surface of the reactor, and that it is our duty to provide these neutrons to increase the splitting of the uranium, we should have made the surface smaller in relation to the width of the reactor core.

This goal is to enlarge the size of the reactor. A reactor of small size may be lost from its surface.
The relatively large number of neutrons makes the remaining ones in the reactor's belly insufficient to carry out the splitting and its sequence.
Therefore, it is necessary to reach a size that provides enough neutrons inside the reactor.
The smallest size that agrees with this is called critical size.

Coolants in the atomic reactor:

We have almost come to all parts of the atomic furnace, the atomic reactor.
First, the uranium, second, the brakes, third, the suckers, and the remaining coolants.

This is because we build the atomic reactor to benefit from its heat, just as we burn coal to benefit from its heat. We burn coal and take its heat to convert water into high-pressure steam

(Splitting of a uranium-235 atom)
(A proton hits the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom and it splits, and emerges from it. As it emerges, two or three neutrons strike more than one atom’s nucleus. Thus, they multiply.
The atoms split with excessive speed, and thus the split and the reaction that accompanies it cascades. Therefore, it had to be restrained with safety bars so that it would not become more dangerous.)

We push it to the turbines and they spin. The turbines, which are wheels, rotate and their axes turn the electricity generators, producing electricity.

This is how we do the heat of nuclear atomic reactors. Therefore, this heat must be carried outside the reactor through water. It is a cycle of pipes in which water circulates due to a pump driving it.

Some of this cycle rotates inside the reactor, and some of it heats up its water and circulates and exits the reactor at this temperature. Outside, it gives this water, and it has been transformed into steam under the intense pressure that its pipes can bear. It gives its heat to another external water cycle, the steam of which drives the wheels of the turbine that runs the electricity generator.

Instead of water, they used air. Instead of water, they used carbon dioxide. Both are gas. Refrigerants are then described as gaseous.

- Protective wall:

What's left after that?
The protective wall remained, this one enveloping the reactor
It traps the atomic radiation that accompanies the split, which greatly harms those working on this device. These walls will be Made of thick steel and wide concrete.

The walls, of course, have openings that connect workers to the reactor through which they perform necessary routine work, such as inserting or removing absorbent rods into it, and such as removing spent uranium in the device and replacing it. and so on .

(This is how electricity is generated from the atom: the atomic reactor to the left, in which the water cycle rotates to carry the heat it produces. It, in turn, on the outside, gives off heat. The second water cycle, in which the water turns into steam with high pressure, which drives the turbine wheel and turns its axis. An electricity generator produces electricity, which is then distributed through electrical wires.