كيف نصنع الكهرباء .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

How do we make electricity?

That illuminates homes and turns the wheels of factories?

A question that the reader may startle from due to its difficulty. It may be difficult for many readers if we go into the details of the great electrical generators, and this is not what we mean. Rather, the intention is to give a passing idea that the reader will be satisfied with and will be reassured by that the electricity industry is not all gases.

The idea is simple at first:

It is an idea revealed by the well-known English scientist Faraday (1790 - 1867 AD). He discovered that if you moved a copper wire, for example, between the two poles of a magnet, between a north pole and a south pole, an electric current would flow through the wire. Scientists say in explaining this that, between the two poles, there is a magnetic field, which is represented by threads of forces emerging from one of them to end up in the other. As the wire moves between the two poles, it cuts these lines of force, and thus an electric current is generated in this wire.

The picture explains what I am saying. North magnetic pole. C South magnetic pole. The wire between them is SK, or if you like, the rod SK, which is made of metal, moves in the direction of the two black arrows, and the result is that a current flows through the wire, the direction of which is shown by the white arrow.

- From longitudinal motion to circular motion:

So, to produce electricity, there must be (first) magnets, (second) a metal wire, and (third) a force that moves the wire.
The force that mechanical science knows is movement
Rotary.

The train moves on the railway, which is driven by steam, but by rotary motion. The steam drives the arms that turn the train's wheels, and the wheels push the train forward.

And so are cars. And also planes. And so are factories
Sunshine and colours. Rotary motion is transmitted to it.

So the idea is transferred from a straight wire to a coil of wire that moves between these two magnetic poles by rotating around itself.

The picture shows what I'm saying:
U, C are the magnetic poles. The metal coil, A and B, rotates, interrupting the magnetic lines, and an electric current is formed in the coil, moving in the direction that the arrows show you.

The two ends of the coil are connected to a cylinder that rotates with them, split lengthwise in two halves, with something between them that insulates electricity.

(Faraday, who revealed that electricity is generated in a wire if we move it between two magnetic poles, one north and the other south. That is, we move it in a magnetic field, as scientists say.)

It moves from one half to the other, and one half is connected to the part of the scroll symbolized by the letter A, and the other half is connected to the other part of the scroll symbolized by the letter B.

Part A of the coil gives the electricity generated in it to the half of the cylinder with which it is in contact, and this gives it to the feather S, which is not connected to it as it rotates, but rather touches it to take the electricity generated in it.

Part B of the coil also gives the electricity generated in it to the half of the cylinder with which it is in contact, and this gives it to the feather R which is not connected to it, but rather touches it to take the electricity generated in it.

The electricity generated in this way flows through the external wire, thus completing a complete electrical cycle. With this cycle you will find in the picture a meter that measures the current. It is something similar to the face of a clock.