المركبات التي تستخرج من البترول أو الكيماويات البترولية .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية

Compounds extracted from petroleum or petroleum chemicals

Liposomal phenate:
Such as methane. Ethane. Propane. Butane
And the alphas derived from these:
Such as ethylene. Biotulin. Butadiene.

And liposomal peroxides, which contain atoms
More than 4:
Such as pentane and hexane
What is derived from it by deleting the arogen so that it becomes unsaturated.

And cyclonaphthenes, such as cyclohexane. And aromatic hydrogenated carbons: benzene. And coloring. The symbol for xylene and benzene is:
And many more...

. Every chemical compound extracted from petroleum by distillation, percolation, and reformation, as well as everything that these materials are transformed into by chemical methods (and let us not forget natural gas, most of which is methane) are known as petroleum chemicals.

An example of what is transformed from this is that from butane we get acetic acid, methyl alcohol, formaldehyde, known as formalin, and butylene.

These are petroleum chemicals because we obtained them from petroleum, a primary source

From petroleum chemicals we create other new materials that we introduce into the world of fertilizers, drugs, vitamins, pesticides, dyes, plastics, fabrics, rubber, and so on.

Let us give proverbs, starting with ammonia and then urea
Synthetic rubber and nylon.

- Ammonia:

Its molecule consists of a nitrogen atom and three atoms
Androgen.

It is made using methane gas, which is in the natural gas of petroleum, as it comes out of its hiding places in the ground. This gas is burned in an atmosphere of oxygen (from the air) and water vapor. This fire produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, which is extremely pure.

We combine adrogens and air nitrogen. With pressure, heat, and the catalyst, ammonia is produced.

- Urea:

Its name is also urea, which is derived from urine
It is a famous fertilizer, its symbol is (Zaid 2). K A . (Zaid 2) is a nitrogen fertilizer. It is made from the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide. Both are sourced from natural gas
For petroleum.

Urea is also used in the plastics industry. Many table tops are made of beautiful urea clay.

- Synthetic rubber:

Its primary materials are unsaturated organic materials, such as those we mentioned in the 2000s.

It arises through the process that may be known as chain condensation, in which the organic compound in the primary substance begins to extend its lattices outward, requesting union with a second molecule, then with a third, then with a fourth, and so on. into many numbers of molecules, sequenced into one long molecule.

This reaction is known in French as “polymerisation” and perhaps “chain condensation” is a good translation.

If not, let us say polymerization, by Arabizing the word
One of its advantages is the derivation of the verb from it: polymerize, polymerize, and polymerize.

- Nylon:

It is like a textile thread that has no connection to plants and is more closely related to petroleum. Cyclohexane is separated from petroleum, and this is oxidized to give adipic acid, and nylon is made from this.

- Many different industries:

The industries in which petroleum chemicals are used are many and varied. We suffice with the few examples we mentioned. We mentioned that we derive coal-fired gasoline and its derivatives from petroleum. This gasoline and its derivatives are the previous source of most of the compounds and chemical industries we know. Therefore, by producing this gasoline and its derivatives, petroleum has become the source of all these chemicals and industries.

- Petroleum chemicals and Arab countries:

Arab countries have the most oil in the world. It exports petroleum, the petroleum of which the buyer produces these enormous and well-known wealth.

The Arab countries only own wells and what is in them.
If it wants to share with other nations what it reaps from the oil after it leaves them, it can do so. It has to learn marketing and transportation, and to enter the markets and compete.
As for participating beyond the markets, that is another matter.
These advanced nations reap from this what they reap with their knowledge and technology. The participation of these nations in these recent, new, huge gains can only be through sharing in knowledge and technology. To date, we have not heard that there is an advanced institute established in the Arab countries, or is preparing for these industries, humanly, systemically, and chemically.

Most of those who say are just ranting. In order to make their words more grandiose and loud, they do not say “petroleum chemicals,” but rather they say
«Petrochemicals». If it is not the elegance of knowledge, then it is nothing less than the elegance of pronunciation and the nasality of the language is ragam.