الحرارة في الأجسام الصلبة والسائلة .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

Heat in solids and liquids.

Heat in solid bodies

There is nothing like the freedom in gas molecules
With particles of solid bodies.
In solid bodies, the molecules are packed together, next to each other, and often take clear geometric shapes that we call crystals. What preserves these fixed positions for the molecules is the attraction between them and their sisters.

Despite the cohesion of the particles of solid bodies to each other, they are all in constant motion, but it is a motion that does not move them out of their positions within their major solid groups. Every atom can, wherever it is, change energy

(Antoine Lavoisier and his wife in the laboratory, an oil portrait painted by the painter Jacques-Louis David before the French Revolution)

It oscillates, or energy rotates it on its axis. These movements change direction and quantity.
The sum of the movement in a mass is the sum of its movement
There is heat in it.

Heat in liquid bodies:

Liquid bodies are a medium between gaseous bodies
And the solid.

If you begin to heat a piece of solid material, that is, give it heat, this heat increases the movement of the molecules and atoms in the solid body until its amount reaches a point where it becomes difficult for the molecules or atoms to maintain the attraction between them, and the heat increases, so the movement increases and the solid body liquefies.

As a result of this movement, the liquid body exerts pressure on the vessel it is in. Water is a liquid that you leave in the heat, and it evaporates. It is the movement of water molecules from the surface of the water to the atmosphere.

However, a remainder remains between the molecules of the liquid body
Of attraction, you would realize it if you poured drops of water over a pane of glass. They may remain round because the molecules still have the force of attraction between them that holds them together.