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the heat

How did the ancients imagine it and how did the more recent ones reveal its secret?

I was reading a book called “The Autocrats at the Breakfast Table,” by the famous literary scholar, Dr. Oliver Windell Holmes (1809 - 1894).
I found him saying:

(...It is the things that have no weight, heat, electricity, and love, that rule the world)

I stopped at this phrase, and I was drawn to it for as long as it had passed
Sarcasm in it. Then I looked closely, and it was a true statement.
There is no sarcasm or joking in it.

Stone, paper, iron, and wood are all things that have weights.
Heat has no weight.
As for electricity, it has no weight.
As for love, it has no weight.

As for heat and electricity ruling the world, that is
Right too. This is because heat and electricity are the driving sources of industrial technology that made nations masters and created the last masters.

As for the fact that love rules the world, I leave it to the reader to decide
In his opinion about him, and what love this learned, literary writer wanted.

Heat has no weight:

This is what you say today and who says with you who you learned from
the people .
With this speed, it ruled and they ruled, but at this ruling many of the ancients stood skeptical.

This is a bowl of cold water. This is another one just like it
Hot water, almost boiling. Which one is heavier?

Forget what you learned in schools, and then you will find
You voluntarily agree with those who say that hotter ones are heavier.
And so some ancient people did.
Heat has a funny story between ancient and modern times, which we begin with in reverse. We start with the present, then go back in time.

- the heat :

We have now understood the meaning of heat.
This is a cup of water. We put the thermometer in it, read the temperature of the water, and find that it is 50 degrees Celsius. So we say that it is a degree in the middle, between the boiling point of water, which is 100 degrees, and the freezing point of water, which is zero.
This is another jug ​​containing water, but it is a larger jug. The water in it is double the water in the first jug. We measure the degree and find that it is also 50 degrees. We say that the two waters are at the same temperature. We mix their water and measure the temperature and find it to be 50 degrees.

But they are not equal in the amount of heat that the second has twice as much heat as the first.
Things you believe in today, just as you believe that the day is white and the night is black...it is its beginning with us today.

Heat movement:

You ask your physics teacher about this temperature, what it is?
Learn from him that heat is movement.

For example, it gives you air, or any other gaseous substance
It reminds you that gas always wants to spread. This means that it is moving. It is made up of extremely zero particles, which cannot be seen by the lenses of microscopes due to their extreme zero, and that these particles are constantly in motion, colliding with each other, as they collide with the wall of the vessel they are in. We measure the amount of this collision in laboratories and call it pressure.

We compress the gas in its container to half of it, for example, and it increases
Its temperature, because its molecules double the number of collisions with each other, and between them and the walls of the container, due to the shorter distances they travel before they collide... So this increase in movement increases heat.

You fill the tire of the wheel you are riding with air, then you fill it more, and you feel the tire, which is made of rubber, with your hand, and you find that it has increased heat. Because you increased the amount of air, which is the cause of movement, it is the cause of heat. I increased it in one space, and the pressure increased.

On the contrary, if you released the compressed gas into a wider area, its temperature would decrease, because its kinetic energy was distributed over a larger area.

(Gas molecules are in a cold state, so their movement is relatively moderate)

(Particles of gas, in constant motion)

(We increased the temperature of the gas molecules, so their movement increased. They collide with each other and collide with the wall, and the pressure increases. The gas pressure)

(We crowded the molecules into a yellow volume, causing them to hit the walls of the container, which increased the pressure.)

As you stand in a corner of your room, you open a small bottle containing a pleasant-smelling volatile oil, then close it. Soon, this little bit of perfume turns into a gas. It continues to spread in the air, and then spreads, its molecules striking all the molecules in the air of the room until they reach... Term . The distance between one particle and another was small, but then it became longer until it reached the distance between the walls of the room.

The bottom line is that gaseous substances consist of free molecules that are released and ask for more release, and that the sum of movement in gas molecules in a certain space that we humans feel is heat, which increases as the movement increases by concentrating it in a narrower space, and decreases as the movement decreases by distributing it. On a broader and more welcoming scale.

- In dimensions and sizes:

Even if we knock on the door of dimensions, sizes and quantities in...
The affairs of gases and their molecules, we would have found something astonishing.

Physicists tell us about hydrogen gas, for example, and they say that one row of hydrogen molecules is one inch long, and it takes 100 million molecules of hydrogen to build it, lining up the molecule in it side by side, just as soldiers line it up. This is because one molecule is very small. The diameter of most particles is between 1/10,000,000 and 1/1,000,000 of a millimeter.

The distance that an adrogen molecule travels in its movement before it collides with another molecule is, on average, 170.... R. Of a millimeter, which is a very small distance in our opinion, but it is not small if measured by those very small atoms.

The world of gases is a different world than our annihilated world. A world of strange numbers, strange distances, and strange speeds, made all the more strange if you knew that the air molecules travel at a speed of more than 1,000 miles per hour, on average, before they collide with each other, or collide with the wall of the container and create pressure.

The bottom line is that this movement, the movement of these molecules, is heat.
It's kinetic energy created by thermal energy
We feel it and measure it with thermometers.