البُنُّ .. ورقته وزهرته وثمرته .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

Coffee... its leaf, flower and fruit

Its leaf is deep green, with a shiny surface, oval in shape, its length is between 4 and 6 inches, and its width is about half that.

As for its flower, it is white, its calyx has teeth, and a tubular corolla composed of five parts, and it has five male organs and one female organ. The tree blooms and is of wonderful beauty, but it is a beauty that only lasts a few days.

The flowers are replaced by groups of fleshy fruits, such as cherries or buckthorn, which are green at first, then golden brown until they mature, and then they are red, resembling cherries, except that they are smaller, less fleshy, and longer.

You cut open the outer red skin of the coffee fruit, and you will find underneath it a yellowish material surrounding the two coffee beans. Their two flat surfaces may face each other, just as the two flat surfaces of a peanut face each other. You will find that each of these two seeds is covered by a membrane, which is the endocarp of the fruit. It becomes fragile when the fruit dries, and inside this cover you will find another thin covering for the two seeds, which is the seed coat, the spermoderm.

(coffee flower)
(Coffee fruit, and in each fruit there are two beans)

(The coffee fruit is spread out on a surface of the ground prepared for this, and you will see the workers moving the fruit from time to time until it dries on all sides. It takes two to three weeks to dry.)

As for the seed, which is the coffee bean, it is difficult to break.
Its color is bluish green.

- Coffee harvest:

In some countries, the fruit is left on trees until it matures, then it shrinks and begins to fall, and then the farmers shake it so that it falls on covers spread on the ground.

But good coffee is picked by hand when the fruit reaches a sufficient degree of maturity. Only ripe fruits are picked.
So, there are many cuts.

On average, one tree produces between one and a half and two pounds of green coffee beans. Therefore, the trees must multiply and expand over large areas of land in order for them to produce significant production.

- Types of coffee:

There are 25 types of coffee trees, none of which are dangerous
Commercial other than three.

As for these three, the Arabica coffee tree and the coffee tree
Congolese, and Liberian coffee tree.

Let's start with the Congolese coffee tree. Let us say that it is larger and stronger than the Arabica coffee tree, its leaves are thicker, and its fruit is more. It is compatible with many different atmospheres. Congo is native to Africa.

From there, most of the coffee trees were grown in Indonesia.
Its coffee is not at the level of Arabica coffee.

As for the Liberian coffee tree, its homeland, as indicated by its name, is the west coast of Africa. It is taller than the Congolese tree and may reach a height of 40 to 50 feet. The tree has a strong structure and is not exposed to many diseases, and its coffee is mixed with other types of coffee because its flavor is weak.

Then we come to the most dangerous tree, the Arabica coffee tree, which is the rootstock from which today 90 percent of the world’s coffee production is derived.

Arabica coffee is a beautiful shrub, or a range of trees
Its length is between 15 to 30 feet.

There are about 15 varieties of the Arabica coffee tree grown in various countries, the finest of which is the variety known as Mocka, which is found in the Red Sea regions.