إناث لم تعرف الذكور قط .. الأمومة - ٢ - كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

Females who never knew males... Motherhood - 2 -

From man, we descend the steps of the ladder to all other animals

From humans we move to all other animals. To this larger and larger creature that produces products, both male and female. This method of reproduction extends us to simpler animals, such as amoebas and their like.

As we are on this long journey, descending from man to the simplest animal, or ascending from the simplest animal to man, we pass through several species of animals, whose normal lineage takes place from the combination of a female cell and a male cell. They meet, not always in the human style, but in a similar style. With it, one in its origins. They meet in water, because the male cell is usually the one that seeks to swim, and the female cell is the one that is sought. The female may lay her eggs in water, and the male may lay her eggs. Fertilization occurs in the absence of both the male and the female.

- Animals whose female reproduces alone, in the absence of the male

However, in this journey between species, from the simplest animal to man, man passes through animals that generate offspring from the female’s egg alone, as it divides and then divides, until it creates a complete organism, with all its organs and all its characteristics. This is in the absence of the two males.

Among these types are females that have never known males. She has not seen it, nor perceived it, nor has man perceived it, despite his searches and examinations of the world.

- Animals whose females reproduce in the absence of the male and in his presence.

There are animals that combine both methods: reproduction through pollination, and reproduction through the female but not the male.
We give an example of this: Daphnia, including water fleas.

These fleas, which are widespread in the world, reproduce by the female alone, and in the absence of the male, if the environment is favorable, with warmth and food, and the female in this case only produces the female. Then reproduction is rapid. She lives for about two months. She is preparing for production a week after her birth. When it starts, the females produce about a hundred yolks every two or three days.

Reproduction by the female alone is characterized by being faster and more productive. Males hinder this abundance, because they represent half the population, and yet they produce nothing. Males, in many animal species, are dependents with no job other than fertilization.

What is nice about these fleas is that if the environment changes, their warmth is gone, and their food is reduced, they switch from female reproduction to reproduction through their males. In this case, it lays the egg that needs to be fertilized. It also lays the egg that produces the male. The two types meet and pollinate. The product that results from fertilization is better able to withstand harsh conditions, as we have mentioned, because the male and female chromosomes, when joined together after fertilization, join together in many ways of disagreement, resulting in disagreements, based on a difference in readiness, then a difference in the ability to confront various conditions. The conditions of the environment, if its prosperity is gone, and its severity is present.

- Females who have never known males

However, there are some female warmers who do not need males at all. This was found in a lake in the Arctic. It is a lake that enjoys a short summer. The state of the environment is the same and hardly varies. It is where females are produced. As for its mention, the scholars have never come across any of it.

- Such as warmites, and other similar types of animals

Other than daphnia, there are other genera of small animals, in which generations take place one hundred generations, and no mention of them ever appears. Then the females appear, which do not grow except through pollination, and the males appear, and there is pollination between them and them. They appear only when the situation worsens, and it is intended that these creatures have different types of characteristics that resist the bad environment in all its forms.

- Reproduction in insects, spiders, and scales

Arthropods (which are a phylum of animals that include classes of insects, polypods, arachnids, and scales) have varieties, in which female reproduction is the norm, and reproduction by fertilization is an anomaly.

- Hermaphroditism in animals

There are some animals that do not need a male by combining a male and a female in their bodies. So he is a hermaphrodite. One animal produces the female egg, and it also produces the male animal, and they are fertilized, and this fertilization results in a new animal like its father.

This state has progressed until it reached man. Man has hermaphrodites, which contain a male organ and a female organ, but what we know is that fertilization takes place between them. It is a design that is permissible in some creatures, but it reached man, and it did not achieve a goal.

(A photograph of a man’s sperm, taken in a ten-thousandth of a second. It appears as if it is fixed, but it is not..)

(A sperm viewed from the side: it is complete, and gives an idea of ​​the ratio of the length of the tail to the length of the head)

Bees produce females without needing males

A prominent example of this is reproduction by the female alone, such as bees. The queen bee lays eggs, but they do not fertilize them, so male bees emerge from them. From the fertilized egg, the females (workers) emerge and the queens emerge.

- In chickens, an embryo may form in their eggs, which are not fertilized

From the bees we ascend the animal ladder, until we reach the bird, which is one of the animals with vertebrae.

From birds, we take, for example: the chicken and the turkey chick. The hen is known to produce eggs without the male touching them. These eggs rarely contain an embryo, as they are sterile eggs. Likewise for the turkey chick, it is rare for the embryo to form in the egg from which it emerges without the male touching it.
This means that in both cases, an embryo may form in an unfertilized egg, but this is rare.

Then it happened that research began into these eggs, and it became clear that this scarcity is exaggerated, and that what is happening is more than rare. It also became clear that it is possible to artificially increase the unfertilized eggs in which embryos are formed, by injecting hens with the chickenpox vaccine. By comparing numbers of hens (who were not touched by a rooster) with similar numbers of hens (who were also not touched by a rooster) but who were injected with the aforementioned vaccine, the researchers concluded that the number of unfertilized eggs from which the embryo is formed in the second case is three times that in the first case.

They then conducted these experiments on turkey chicks, and came up with the same result. Of the 738 unfertilized eggs that emerged from 16 turkey chicks that were not injected with the smallpox vaccine, they obtained 180 eggs in which the embryo was formed (24 percent). They repeated the experiment, but in turkey chicks that had been injected with the smallpox vaccine. From 2,363 unvaccinated eggs that emerged from 49 turkey chicks, they obtained 700 eggs in which the embryo was formed (32 percent).
They repeated all these experiments and obtained the same results.

The question remains: After the embryo was formed, did the egg hatch and a live chick emerge from it?

The answer: This has not yet happened in chickens. But it happened in turkey chicks. Among them are chicks that lived after fledging for several weeks. Some of them lived for 28 weeks.

A bigger question remains: What derailed nature from its normal path, resulting in an increase in the population consisting of unfertilized eggs? Was this caused by the virus that is in the smallpox vaccine, or was it caused by a substance that accompanied it?

The answer: No answer yet.

- Motherhood is the origin of fatherhood

Males in animal species, in general, have a function without which reproduction is not possible in normal conditions. Despite this, it is a small job, and the female then carries out the heaviest burdens of creation, perfecting creation, then taking care of the produce after separation from her, and the animals hardly know whose children have fathers.

A seed that a dog or cat drops in seconds, then leaves and forgets what he did. The dog and cat bear pregnancy, childbirth, and care after pregnancy. The cat or dog meets his child after that, but does not realize that it is his child. In living things, motherhood is rooted in paternity.

And look at the human being, and consider the condition of the woman: I feel sorry for her condition. I look at some of the men and say how many cats and how many dogs.