الخليَّة .. الوحدة الاساسية في كل الكائنات الحية .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية

The cell...the basic unit in all living organisms

cell

What is the basic unit of all living things?

There is no living thing, whether plant or animal, that is not composed of cells.
Today, the cell is a familiar name to every student of animals or plants, and every student of medicine, so much so that we imagine that it was thus familiar in this sense to fathers and grandfathers centuries ago. Then history comes and discredits what we imagined.

- The cell in history

History says that the cell was not known in this sense, and its observers did not see it and confirm it, until the year 1663 AD.
The one who saw it was the English scientist Robert Hooke. She asks: Why was he not allowed to see it, not everyone else? The answer is that the cells are so small that they knock, so the eye cannot see them, so he must wait for their revelation until the first microscope that magnifies things is prepared for man, and these microscopes were prepared in those past years of the life of this world, and he was drawn with them to see what he saw of matter. Living matter, and it emerged that this living matter is divided into small sections, which he called cells.

- The word cell

The word that Hook used is the English word, which means a small, narrow room in a monastery, in a prison, or something similar, due to the similarity between them. The Arabic translation was, of course, cell, and the plural is cell.

- Cell: the basic unit of living organisms

It is known now that all plants are composed of cells, but achieving this generalization had to be preceded by studies in which the microscope became more powerful, and this generalization was achieved in the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1838, the German scientist Matlas Schleiden announced that the cell is the basic unit from which all plant materials are composed. In 1839, the German scientist Theodor Schwann declared that cells are living organisms, and that animals and plants consist of complete groups of cells according to existing, unchanging laws.

And from here began all of this multiplying research into the cell, which has increased in our recent years to an increase that some call an explosion, considering that the cell is the origin of all life, and that if one wants to investigate what is behind health and disease, and even life and death, and even the growth and decay of bodies, and even Their reproduction and inheritance of traits and competencies must be investigated in the cell study.

- The body is like human society, its members are cells

A cell is a living organism in a tissue composed of cells. The tissues are grouped into groups, which are also grouped into larger groups, until the body’s organs are composed. And from the body’s organs, bodies are composed.

In this sense, the body is similar to a human society. It is composed of individuals and cells. Then the individuals form families, single neighborhood families, city neighborhoods, and cities, the large national community.

Just as the individual in society has rights and duties that belong to him, so the cell in the physical society has duties that it performs, which it aims for itself and for others, and rights that others aim for.

The cell in the body is not devoid of the meaning of the individuality that man has in his society. It is also not devoid of the meaning of membership in the society of which it is a part.

The individuality of the cell may become so intense that it can live alone without a community, and yet it can survive. The same applies to amoeba.

Among the cells that have individuality are in-between. She lives alongside her sisters, but without intense cohesion and complete cooperation.
The cells in the human body have subordinated their individuality to the benefit of society as a whole, to the benefit of the entire body, and yet they perform their duties in full, which is one of their characteristics.

In the large body, the specializations of the cells differed and their functions differed, and tasks that were necessary for the establishment of life were divided between them, so that each cell of the body became as if it were a prisoner of all the other cells.

The cell gets worse, and cells next to it get worse.

Individuals in society may disobey, may revolt, and likewise in the body, cells may revolt, and may go crazy. These are cancer cells.

- Cell sizes

The cell may turn yellow until the eye sees it only under a microscope. An example of this is the cells of animals and plants in general.
Among the cells of microbes, a microbe with a diameter of about 1 thousandth of a millimeter. One of the cells is the yolk of an ostrich egg, which is the size of an orange.

- The number of cells in the body

The adult human body has about 60 billion cells.
This is what they estimated. They also estimated that 50 million cells die from the human body every second, while 50 million cells are born in their place every second.
Mizan: He must have been disturbed someday.

- Amoeba

Amoeba is the name of a living organism that refers to animal organisms. It is an example of an independent cell that lives alone, carries out life, and performs all its needs, with simplicity in creation and amazing functions.

The amoeba appears under the microscope as a mass of protoplasm, which is the basic living substance in animal and plant cells, contained in a sac called a capsule. It is a sac with no front or back, no chest or back.

In this protoplasmic mass, the viewer finds the nucleus of the cell. He may see other things besides it. We are satisfied to say: This protoplasmic mass, despite its ambiguity, is where the amoeba arises and performs all the tasks necessary for its life.

While the amoeba moves in its water, it does not move with hands or legs. Rather, it is her entire body, from which protrusions emerge that extend far from it, and then the rest of the body joins them.

The historical microscope through which the English naturalist Robert Hooke first saw living cells, in the seventeenth century AD.

The amoeba meets food, which is often something smaller and weaker than itself, so it heads towards it, wraps its protrusions around it, and then contains it. When it enters the body of the amoeba, and is surrounded by a membrane, the amoeba pours its digestive juices into this gap, which contains it. Then the amoeba absorbs what is digested from it of good food, and what is not digested is expelled by the amoeba.

In terms of reproduction, amoebas reproduce by division.

We return and say that the amoeba, despite its zero, is one cell, and it is with a self-sufficient person, and with an integrated living person, sufficient for himself, striving for life alone, relying only on himself. This life is expelled from him, for centuries to come, just as it was expelled from him in countless centuries that preceded it.