سلالات البشر - ١ - كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

Human races - 1 -

People fill the earth.
You see a man or a woman, and their sons and daughters, and you know at first glance that they are people. This is because, among the animals that inhabit the earth, they have one characteristic, most of which is apparent and visible to the eye, so it is satisfied, and does not want to add more, it would have found among the human beings a lot in common: aspects. Breasts. Stomachs. Arms that increase legs. walk . Standing running. Sitting.

And if you had wanted to increase the inner being, you would have found one entrails and one factory of life within it.

- A touchstone (species) in zoology.

And you ask the world of life about humans? He says the “species” of animals are homogeneous

What is its homogeneity, you ask? The criterion for a single “species” says that two of it, a male and a female, come together and produce children.

- With similarity, there is dissimilarity

Despite this similarity and uniformity in the characteristics that you see in human beings, intuitively, so you say that they are people, there is a discrepancy in the characteristics that we see in human beings, intuitively as well, so we say that they are tribes and peoples, and that they are different lineages.

You see the French man and you see the Chinese man, so do not confuse them. They are both people, but the lineages differ. You do not confuse a Chinese with a Negro, nor confuse a Negro with an Abyssinian, nor confuse an Arab with a Russian.

Your Chinese distinction, your Negro distinction, and your Indian distinction are only characteristics that experience preceded you, so you have one formula, from which you move to the process of discrimination directly upon sight, so logic hardly finds time to solve it.

- Genealogists

Genealogists have spent many years studying and understanding, and even digging in the ground and extracting bone remains to learn what man was, as a prelude to knowing what he is. They knew a lot about the diaspora of living people in different parts of the earth.

Genealogists emerged from their research on dividing lineages into categories, and they differed in their division whenever they asked for details after consensus. According to some of them, the categories are six or seven out of thirty. Some of them added thirty or more, and the most famous thing they agreed upon in their entirety is that the major dynasties present today are three:
Caucasoids
Mongoloids
And Negroids

In keeping with it, it should be noted that we said “Caucasian” and not “Caucasian”, with the Frankish pronunciation, as it does not indicate the relation to the Caucasian, but rather it indicates similarity, relationship and connection. We said Manfulani and did not say Mongolian, and we said Zanjani and did not say Negro.

- Caucasian breed

The first to give the name of this breed, he said, “Caucasian,” is the German scientist Blumen Bach (1752 - 1840 AD), when he studied the peoples of the Caucasus, which is the region located between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, and it is the region that may have been the source of many of the peoples who inhabited it. Europe . Then, with the expansion of studies, this name prevailed over all the peoples we call white or European, even those who were not white in skin. This comprehensive dynasty includes the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, India, and the inhabitants of North and West Africa.

- Mongolian dynasty

It is a race that includes the Japanese, the Chinese, the Koreans, the Turkish peoples, the people of Nabat and the Himalayas, as well as the Malay and Indonesian peoples, as well as the American Indians in America.

This means that Asia was an important center from which dynasties branched out. To the east, peoples marched until they inhabited America, and to the west they marched until the Turkish dynasties mixed with the Caucasian dynasties.

-Negro breeds

The origin of this breed or breeds (if we consider the small breeds included in the large breed) is one of the most mysterious human origins. They differ greatly from each other. Its habitat is Africa. Its middle, west, and east. From this emerges the north of the continent, north of the Senegal River, and the countries of the Maghreb, Tuareg, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia, and Abyssinia emerge from these dynasties to a latitude of 12 degrees.

Mangheu woman from Congo

- Constructing this phylogenetic division

Scientists based this breed division on physical characteristics, the most important of which are:
With body structure
And the skull
And the head and face
And the skin
And poetry
And so on

Here is part of that:

- The skeleton

The Caucasian's frame is heavier and thicker than other breeds, and its long bones have larger joints. The pelvis is wider.
The structure of the Zanjani is thinner, its long bones are thinner, and its pelvis is narrower.
The structure of the Mongolian has no apparent characteristic that distinguishes it.

- Head and face

The Caucasian has well-developed eyebrow bones, an upright face, small jaws, and his nasal bones are compact, high, and prominent, and his chin is prominent.

The Zanjani is characterized by a protruding upper jaw, an undeveloped chin, a low bridge of the nose, a wide nose, a rounded face at the back, and a prominent skull.

The Mongolian's skull indicates the greatest significance. His cheeks are prominent, and the lower end of the eye socket protrudes forward.

The brow bone is not fully developed and the beginning of the nose at the eyebrows is flat and wide, the bridge of the nose is low, and the nostril is narrow.

A woman from Dakhla Mongolia.