العقل الإلكترونى وتطور الصحافة العالمية المعاصرة ٤_a .. كتاب صحافة الغد

These are used to prepare important statements in full text according to the need determined by the agency’s editors:

Thompson said that the capabilities of the electronic mind allow the implementation of plans that ultimately aim to create a number of lines and circles reaching 40 incoming and 40 outgoing lines, operating at the same time at different speeds, and being able to produce a tape prepared for different column widths and letter sizes. There are also plans to use reason to develop an archive system that agency editors and newspapers participating in this system can resort to quickly obtain the press materials they want.

The agency may eventually be able to put in mind the international news it receives in the printing press, along with an indication of the total number of news cables and their length. Then the editors of the newspapers participating in this system can request from the calculator certain telegrams and at the same time specify the necessary number of words for them, as they request For example, only 300 words from a topic with a word count of 450.

In addition to the mind preparing the topic, it can transform the tape of the telegram recording machine with five holes into the tape of the letter adding machine (T.T.S) with six holes, so that this tape is prepared to operate the adding machines immediately. It is clear that these capabilities would provide subscribers with a greater degree of control over journalistic topics.

As an alternative to this system (shot collection), devices were used. Collecting letters in films, especially Photon machines in the United States, and the major characteristic that distinguishes these devices is their ability to combine the various lines of a single advertisement in different large letters, and this characteristic was quickly recognized and exploited. A number of newspapers that hold molten metal (lead) used the method of combining letters on film, and a large number of various advertisement letters were treated in this way. The advantages of speed and flexibility eliminated the need for large letters in advertisements.

Methods that use molten metal (lead) are now willing to gain at least some of the advantages they lost as a result of the use of pictorial combination. The new development is the ability to operate mixer devices using a tape containing symbols, and with the touch of a single key, advertising letters up to 30 centimeters in size are collected.

It is noteworthy that the trend to operate mixer devices with a tape after using an electronic mind is the prevailing trend now, and it was said in one of the American newspapers that the expected improvement in production is 300%.

Collecting letters with molten metal is still widely used, and this will continue for a long time. It can be said that the transition to letters on film (through photography) can be slow, especially since it must be adapted. With molten metal procedures. Whatever the case, film typesetting devices are now challenging other devices, especially in offset printing.

The method of combining letters in film (filming) has room to improve and increase its speed. It will ultimately achieve a clear advantage over molten metal collecting machines in terms of production, and the advantage that can be gained is worthy of attention. The Photon machine used by the Reading Post produces more than 30 lines per minute and can mix up to 64 types of characters.

The presence of photocopying machines encouraged the spread of offset newspapers. These developments are considered evidence that the offset method will become suitable for printing large newspapers. Newspapers that use offset, of which there are more than 150 in the United States, are small newspapers.

There are only 3 daily newspapers in Britain that use the offset method. But many weekly newspapers have switched to this method. It is noted that most newspapers will soon resort to using the offset method, and there is no doubt that the demand for using this method will increase over the next three or four years. After it became possible to transfer entire pages from the newspaper to print entire newspapers in a decentralized manner, or distribute pages for insertion into local newspapers, it became possible that a method of distributing the transfer of transferred pages directly to offset plates would emerge, and the use of an electron beam (laser) would also have to be demonstrated. Helps speed drilling. .

There is a modern method of using optical machines to read letters, which is a device that scans the words written on the typewriter using an electronic retina, then records them on a tape perforated with the symbols that were obtained using the keys. These machines produce an incorrect tape, which must be processed by the mind. Electronic data before entering it into the line collection machines. These machines, which are now used in the Palm Beach Post newspaper in Florida, can read at a rate of 28 thousand words per minute (40 columns). This is without the intervention of any worker to collect them. They were able to punch a hole through a tape - without the presence of an assembly worker. For the book Moby Dick in 9 minutes. The number of pages in this book is about a thousand pages. Then there is an automatic method for arranging pages and is used in the same newspaper, where a machine was invented that fixes the material collected on film on page-sized photographic paper in a manner controlled by the tape.

In Oklahoma City in the United States, they use the I.B.M device in the Times newspaper to adjust the lines and divide the words. This method of dividing words is not permissible in the Arabic language, but in European languages ​​it is permissible - at the end of a line - to divide the word - into two parts: a part at the end of the line and the rest of the word at the beginning of the next line. This division must be done so that it does not fall between a silent letter (consonant) and a vowel (vowel). For example, if the word Composition comes at the end of a word, it is not permissible to cut it in the following form: Comp - Oposition.

Likewise, it is not permissible to cut it like this: Compos - ition
But it can be cut as follows: Compo - section
It can also be cut like this: Com - position

From this it is clear that in European languages ​​there are several ways to divide a word. When the manual plural operator reaches before the end of the line, he begins to think: Is the line enough for this word or should it be divided? When he decides to divide it, he thinks again: Where should the word be divided? This mental effort is now being carried out by another mind, which is the electronic device. When the word reaches the end of the line, the mind initially tries to adjust the line, starting with adjusting the space between the words and then adjusting the space between the letters. If it is not possible to capture the entire word in the line, the third option is to divide the word with the symbol (hyphen), which separates a specific syllable in it. When these three possibilities fail, this extra word is moved to the next line.

There is a complete program for adjusting the lines in Latin letters at the command of the mind during the addition process. These orders say:
1- Do not break the word between two vowels, Re-al.
2- Do not break off a word after a consonant followed by a vowel, man-y.
3- Do not break off a word after two similar consonants (Mill-ion).
4- Do not break off a word after a vowel followed by two similar consonants (Miller).
E - Do not break off a word after a letter followed by a vowel. Mixer.
6- Do not break between two numbers 7-196.
7 - Do not break off a period or a hyphen if it is followed by the number 950-10.
8- Do not interrupt before the dot or link - Man.
9- Cut between two similar consonants Million.