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معلومات تقنية .. البيانات الفنية : عمق المجال وجداول التكبير ..
الملحق ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
Technical data
Depth of field table Except for abstract images , at least some part of a close - up picture should be sharply focused . It is important to remember that when taking a close - up , the depth of field extends equally on either side of the point of focus ; unlike general photography when it extends about twice as far behind the plane of focus as in front of it . The sharpness of an image also depends on the definition of the lens and the resolution of the film emulsion .
This table gives the depth of field ( see p.30 ) for various magnifications ranging from x0.1 to x5 for apertures of f5.6 , f8 , f11 , f16 and f22 . From this it can be seen that the depth of field decreases as the image size increases or if the lens aper ture is opened up . However , at high magnifications diffraction causes light to spread out as it passes through a small aperture , which results in a reduced resolution of the image . The table can be used for any lens except wide - angle or long - focus lenses .
Magnification table
This table shows the range of magnifica tions which can be obtained using various Nikon close - up accessories with different focal length lenses . Notice how the greatest magnification is gained with the shortest focal length lens ( 35mm ) mounted on the bellows in the reverse position . The three so - called micro lenses ( 55mm , 105mm and 200mm ) are , in fact , macro lenses ( see pp . 24 and 26 ) all of which can be focused to give a half life size ( x0.5 ) without any additional close up accessories . The 55mm micro Nikkor lens is illustrated on page 148 .
All the major 35mm camera systems produce similar magnification tables which are applicable to their own close up accessories . Using such a table you can quickly assess which close - up access ory you require for gaining a particular magnification . Alternatively , tables which show a continuous extension scale ( in millimeters ) can be used to read off the precise magnification after a picture has been taken.
Depth of field table for 35mm format
a . Depth of field is almost equal on each side of the plane of focus .
b . Data are based on a 0.03mm ( 0.0012in ) circle of confusion .
Magnification table
Close - up lenses Nos 0 , 1 , 2
PK auto extension tubes
Close - up lenses Nos 3T . 4T
PN - 11 auto extension tubes
Bellows normal PB6
Bellows reverse PB6
Teleconverter TC - 200 / 300
The dotted line indicates maximum magnification of each lens when used alone .
الملحق ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
Technical data
Depth of field table Except for abstract images , at least some part of a close - up picture should be sharply focused . It is important to remember that when taking a close - up , the depth of field extends equally on either side of the point of focus ; unlike general photography when it extends about twice as far behind the plane of focus as in front of it . The sharpness of an image also depends on the definition of the lens and the resolution of the film emulsion .
This table gives the depth of field ( see p.30 ) for various magnifications ranging from x0.1 to x5 for apertures of f5.6 , f8 , f11 , f16 and f22 . From this it can be seen that the depth of field decreases as the image size increases or if the lens aper ture is opened up . However , at high magnifications diffraction causes light to spread out as it passes through a small aperture , which results in a reduced resolution of the image . The table can be used for any lens except wide - angle or long - focus lenses .
Magnification table
This table shows the range of magnifica tions which can be obtained using various Nikon close - up accessories with different focal length lenses . Notice how the greatest magnification is gained with the shortest focal length lens ( 35mm ) mounted on the bellows in the reverse position . The three so - called micro lenses ( 55mm , 105mm and 200mm ) are , in fact , macro lenses ( see pp . 24 and 26 ) all of which can be focused to give a half life size ( x0.5 ) without any additional close up accessories . The 55mm micro Nikkor lens is illustrated on page 148 .
All the major 35mm camera systems produce similar magnification tables which are applicable to their own close up accessories . Using such a table you can quickly assess which close - up access ory you require for gaining a particular magnification . Alternatively , tables which show a continuous extension scale ( in millimeters ) can be used to read off the precise magnification after a picture has been taken.
Depth of field table for 35mm format
a . Depth of field is almost equal on each side of the plane of focus .
b . Data are based on a 0.03mm ( 0.0012in ) circle of confusion .
Magnification table
Close - up lenses Nos 0 , 1 , 2
PK auto extension tubes
Close - up lenses Nos 3T . 4T
PN - 11 auto extension tubes
Bellows normal PB6
Bellows reverse PB6
Teleconverter TC - 200 / 300
The dotted line indicates maximum magnification of each lens when used alone .
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