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مؤثرات خاصة ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
Multiple exposures
Multiple images can be made at any stage from exposure to printing or projection . To take multiple exposures on a single frame , you must recock the shutter without advancing the film . Such a facility is found in all cameras with interchangeable film magazines , and a few which have a mechanism for disconnecting the film wind - on . Otherwise , you have to depress the rewind button when cocking the shutter .
If you want to record each image separately without overlapping in the frame , use either a black background or a double - exposure mask . a black background is used , the subject can be moved around after each exposure , but with other backgrounds , use a double - exposure mask on the front of the lens so that only half the frame is exposed at a time . Multi - imaged pictures are more easily composed using a 214 inch square , or larger , format because the position of the subject can be sketched on the viewfinder screen after each exposure . Before attaching the mask , take a meter reading of the whole field of view and use this reading on a manual setting for both exposures . Objects with simple rounded outlines , such as eggs , effectively frame a smaller object when photo graphing a pair of overlapping images . Remem ber to adjust each exposure so that the negative or transparency has a normal density .
Multi - images combining unrelated subjects can be created in the darkroom . The simplest way is to sandwich two negatives or trans parencies in the enlarger . A more creative method is to make separate exposures at different enlargements . Exciting montages can be built up by alternately exposing and developing a simple close - up image on resin coated paper . To compose the picture , sketch the images on a piece of paper beforehand . This will help you to select the appropriate image size in the enlarger . For each exposure , use a mask to give a soft - edge effect and keep the paper in the print easel . Develop the exposed area by dabbing it with absorbent cotton soaked in developer and wedged on a pencil . Once the image has developed move the print easel for the next exposure .
Double printing
I first took this dish of mustard and cress seedlings showing all the plants growing vertically ( left ) . I took another shot after the seedlings had bent towards the light ( right ) . The two negatives were then printed on one sheet of paper . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 42mm extension Mag . on film × 0.5 Mag . on page × 1
Triple exposure
This picture was made by exposing a negative three times . I took the first exposure but before taking the subsequent exposures , I removed the Hasselblad magazine to recock the shutter without advancing the film . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 32mm extension Mag . on film × 0.4 Mag . on page × 0.9
Using glass as a screen I took this twin snakehead brooch - a replica of a Viking brooch made in AD600 on a white card by using a cone to diffuse the light . After exposing the negative in the enlarger , I made a second exposure on the same piece of paper bh contact printing a sheet of patterned glass to give a contrasting background . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 42mm ( 21 + 21 ) extension Mag . on film × 0.5 Mag . on page × 2.4
Fast and slow exposures
I attached a thread of black cotton to the rear axle of this Tibetan toy horse . I used a 1 sec exposure and a combination of flash and tungsten light . Releasing the shutter fired a pair of flashes which illuminated the boy . Immediately after the flashes fired , I pulled the horse backwards to give the impression of movement through the lines of blurred reflections . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 8mm extension Mag . on film × 0.1 Mag . on page × 2
مؤثرات خاصة ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
Multiple exposures
Multiple images can be made at any stage from exposure to printing or projection . To take multiple exposures on a single frame , you must recock the shutter without advancing the film . Such a facility is found in all cameras with interchangeable film magazines , and a few which have a mechanism for disconnecting the film wind - on . Otherwise , you have to depress the rewind button when cocking the shutter .
If you want to record each image separately without overlapping in the frame , use either a black background or a double - exposure mask . a black background is used , the subject can be moved around after each exposure , but with other backgrounds , use a double - exposure mask on the front of the lens so that only half the frame is exposed at a time . Multi - imaged pictures are more easily composed using a 214 inch square , or larger , format because the position of the subject can be sketched on the viewfinder screen after each exposure . Before attaching the mask , take a meter reading of the whole field of view and use this reading on a manual setting for both exposures . Objects with simple rounded outlines , such as eggs , effectively frame a smaller object when photo graphing a pair of overlapping images . Remem ber to adjust each exposure so that the negative or transparency has a normal density .
Multi - images combining unrelated subjects can be created in the darkroom . The simplest way is to sandwich two negatives or trans parencies in the enlarger . A more creative method is to make separate exposures at different enlargements . Exciting montages can be built up by alternately exposing and developing a simple close - up image on resin coated paper . To compose the picture , sketch the images on a piece of paper beforehand . This will help you to select the appropriate image size in the enlarger . For each exposure , use a mask to give a soft - edge effect and keep the paper in the print easel . Develop the exposed area by dabbing it with absorbent cotton soaked in developer and wedged on a pencil . Once the image has developed move the print easel for the next exposure .
Double printing
I first took this dish of mustard and cress seedlings showing all the plants growing vertically ( left ) . I took another shot after the seedlings had bent towards the light ( right ) . The two negatives were then printed on one sheet of paper . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 42mm extension Mag . on film × 0.5 Mag . on page × 1
Triple exposure
This picture was made by exposing a negative three times . I took the first exposure but before taking the subsequent exposures , I removed the Hasselblad magazine to recock the shutter without advancing the film . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 32mm extension Mag . on film × 0.4 Mag . on page × 0.9
Using glass as a screen I took this twin snakehead brooch - a replica of a Viking brooch made in AD600 on a white card by using a cone to diffuse the light . After exposing the negative in the enlarger , I made a second exposure on the same piece of paper bh contact printing a sheet of patterned glass to give a contrasting background . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 42mm ( 21 + 21 ) extension Mag . on film × 0.5 Mag . on page × 2.4
Fast and slow exposures
I attached a thread of black cotton to the rear axle of this Tibetan toy horse . I used a 1 sec exposure and a combination of flash and tungsten light . Releasing the shutter fired a pair of flashes which illuminated the boy . Immediately after the flashes fired , I pulled the horse backwards to give the impression of movement through the lines of blurred reflections . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 8mm extension Mag . on film × 0.1 Mag . on page × 2
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