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العمل على مستوى الأرض ..
العالم الطبيعي ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
THE NATURAL WORLD
Working at ground level
Ground level is the interface between the atmosphere and our planet . From our normal eye level , some five to six feet above the ground it is easy to overlook the abundance of potential subjects for close - up photography so try bending down for a worm's - eye view . Mosses , lichens , fungi , seedlings and a multi tude of small animals live on the ground and dead leaves , fruits and seeds fall to the ground as part of the cycle of growth and decay .
Fallen leaves , carpets of mosses and some alpines are best taken from overhead so that the film plane is parallel with the ground . A sturdy tripod with a reversible central column makes a good overhead support for photo graphing these flat objects ; whereas smaller table - top tripods or ground spikes ( see p . 150 ) are more suitable for side views of erect sub jects such as small plants or seedlings . For any low - level photography you must be prepared to kneel - often on damp or muddy ground - to focus the camera . I always carry an old plastic sack for this purpose . If the ground is hard , the kneeling pads sold for gardeners are a boon . A right - angle or a waist - level viewfinder are use ful accessories for focusing a low - level camera if you don't wish to lie prone .
Boot Toad tattoo
Many toads sport a disruptive pattern on their backs which helps them to blend in with their surroundings . For this picture of a leopard toad in South Africa , I decided to come in so close that the pattern itself became an abstract design . I used a Benbo tripod to support the camera ( see the diagram below ) . The main problem was that the toad kept crawling out of the frame and had to be retrieved and repositioned in the field of view . I used only available light on an overcast day . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor Mag . on film × 0.5 Mag . on page x 1.5
An overhead view
For this bird's - eye view of mosses I used a baby Benbo tripod in the set - up drawn above , so that the camera was looking directly down on to the woodland floor . I framed the picture so that the dark green mosses were completely surrounded by the brown fallen leaves . This naturalistic background introduces a contrasting color and provides a natural scale . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor Mag , on film × 0.15 Mag , on page × 0.6
Differential focus at work
I found this sundew growing out of a mossy carpet in boggy ground , so I knelt on a plastic sack and focused the camera using a right - angle viewfinder ( shown above ) . Because I wanted to illustrate the radiating sticky tentacles of the insectivorous plant , I used the preview button on the camera to check carefully the depth of field . After completely stopping down the lens , I opened it up a couple of stops to ensure that the green mossy background was out of focus and so would not compete with the sundew leaves . Notice on the upper leaf how some of the tentacles have bent forward in response to an insect landing on the leaf . On this occasion , the lucky insect escaped the trap . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor + auto extension ring Mag , on film x 1 Mag , on page × 5.5
العالم الطبيعي ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
THE NATURAL WORLD
Working at ground level
Ground level is the interface between the atmosphere and our planet . From our normal eye level , some five to six feet above the ground it is easy to overlook the abundance of potential subjects for close - up photography so try bending down for a worm's - eye view . Mosses , lichens , fungi , seedlings and a multi tude of small animals live on the ground and dead leaves , fruits and seeds fall to the ground as part of the cycle of growth and decay .
Fallen leaves , carpets of mosses and some alpines are best taken from overhead so that the film plane is parallel with the ground . A sturdy tripod with a reversible central column makes a good overhead support for photo graphing these flat objects ; whereas smaller table - top tripods or ground spikes ( see p . 150 ) are more suitable for side views of erect sub jects such as small plants or seedlings . For any low - level photography you must be prepared to kneel - often on damp or muddy ground - to focus the camera . I always carry an old plastic sack for this purpose . If the ground is hard , the kneeling pads sold for gardeners are a boon . A right - angle or a waist - level viewfinder are use ful accessories for focusing a low - level camera if you don't wish to lie prone .
Boot Toad tattoo
Many toads sport a disruptive pattern on their backs which helps them to blend in with their surroundings . For this picture of a leopard toad in South Africa , I decided to come in so close that the pattern itself became an abstract design . I used a Benbo tripod to support the camera ( see the diagram below ) . The main problem was that the toad kept crawling out of the frame and had to be retrieved and repositioned in the field of view . I used only available light on an overcast day . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor Mag . on film × 0.5 Mag . on page x 1.5
An overhead view
For this bird's - eye view of mosses I used a baby Benbo tripod in the set - up drawn above , so that the camera was looking directly down on to the woodland floor . I framed the picture so that the dark green mosses were completely surrounded by the brown fallen leaves . This naturalistic background introduces a contrasting color and provides a natural scale . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor Mag , on film × 0.15 Mag , on page × 0.6
Differential focus at work
I found this sundew growing out of a mossy carpet in boggy ground , so I knelt on a plastic sack and focused the camera using a right - angle viewfinder ( shown above ) . Because I wanted to illustrate the radiating sticky tentacles of the insectivorous plant , I used the preview button on the camera to check carefully the depth of field . After completely stopping down the lens , I opened it up a couple of stops to ensure that the green mossy background was out of focus and so would not compete with the sundew leaves . Notice on the upper leaf how some of the tentacles have bent forward in response to an insect landing on the leaf . On this occasion , the lucky insect escaped the trap . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor + auto extension ring Mag , on film x 1 Mag , on page × 5.5
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