تعريف علم النفس أو السيكولوجيا 3- Definition of psychology or psychology

تعريف علم النفس أو السيكولوجيا

3- Definition of psychology or psychology


A modern psychology word that scholars did not agree on until the eighteenth century. It is likely that the German philosopher Wolf (1) was the first to use this word in his books, and then Kant used it after him. This led to its spread in all European languages, and the motivation for using this word. The word is the desire of scientists to separate psychology from the science of metaphysics. The ancients called this science the science of the spirit (science de lame), and medieval scientists called it “pneumatologie” meaning the science of spirits, which is a science that investigates all spiritual beings after God, so it was All of these names smell of the supernatural, but the word psychology does not imply any of that, because it denotes a new, positive science that leads to knowledge of the laws of psychological phenomena.

We can now put a definition for psychology and say: Psychology (psychology)

It is the science that investigates psychological phenomena, and this science can be conceptualized in two aspects. 1 - The first aspect: It is that we study psychological phenomena and extract some general models from them, as botanists and zoologists do, who divide animals and plants into specific genera and species. We in psychology can follow their example, collecting similar psychological phenomena, classifying them into groups, and then composing them. Psychological models, moral types, general natures and characteristics, and delved into the origin of these natures and characteristics. This aspect is called the psychology of morals and traits, or (etology).

2 - The second aspect - Science here is not satisfied with establishing the general characteristics, moral types, models, and universal images that characterize the human soul, but rather seeks to reveal the general laws to which psychological phenomena are subject. Just as physiology is a general science that includes plants and animals for its investigation into the general functions of life, so psychology includes all moral types and general traits, because it investigates psychological functions and mental actions and seeks to uncover their general laws. This aspect is more advanced than the first because its goal is to reach stable relationships in psychology that link psychological actions to each other. In this book, we call for adopting the second aspect because we believe that psychological phenomena are subject to laws like natural phenomena. Accordingly, the best definition to define the subject of psychology is our saying: Psychology is the science that investigates psychological phenomena and their laws.

Ethology itself needs this general psychology because it is not possible to define psychological types accurately unless the laws of psychological phenomena are known, and animal and plant scientists did not arrive at classifying living beings in a reasonable, natural way until they had advanced in knowing their functions.

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