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Werner Heisenberg

WERNER HEISENBERG

1976 - 1901

In 1932, the Nobel Prize in Physics was presented to Werner Karl Heisenberg, a German physicist, for his role in creating quantum mechanics, which is one of the most important achievements in the history of science.

Mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the general laws that control the movement of physical bodies. It is one of the basic branches of physics, which in turn (i.e. physics) is the most important branch of science. And in the early twentieth century it gradually became known. The accepted laws of mechanics were not sufficient to describe very fine objects, such as atoms and subatomic particles, and this fact is amazing and difficult to solve, because the known and accepted laws worked satisfactorily when they were applied to microscopic objects (and these objects are much larger than atoms). In 1925 Werner Heisenberg proposed a new formula in physics that was radically different in its basic concept from the classic (Newton) formula. This new theory (after minor modifications by Heisenberg's successors) was a great success and is accepted today as being practical in all physical systems, whatever their type and size.


We can show mathematically that wherever microscopic systems exist, the predictions in quantum mechanics differ from those in classical mechanics by immeasurably small amounts. For this reason, classical mechanics, which is mathematically much simpler than quantum mechanics, is still used now in most scientific calculations: that is, where they are. Since atomic dimensional systems exist, the predictions of quantum mechanics are quite different from those of classical mechanics. Experiments have shown that the predictions of quantum mechanics. correct in such cases.

One of the results of Heisenberg's theory is the famous uncertainty principle that he himself formulated in 1927. This principle is usually considered to be one of the deep-rooted principles in all branches of science, and what the uncertainty principle does is to set certain theoretical limits on our ability to make scientific measurements.

But the implications of this principle are great. If the fundamental laws of physics prevent a scientist from obtaining an accurate knowledge of the system he is trying to investigate, then it is clear that the future behavior of that system cannot be predicted.

As for the principle of uncertainty, there are no improvements in measuring devices that will allow us to overcome this difficulty. The uncertainty principle confirms that physics is unable to do more than
Statistical predictions.

It is clear that from a theoretical point of view, the quantum theory may have had a greater and wider scope than the theory of relativity and that it had changed our basic concepts about the physical world around us.

Among the practical applications of this theory are the electron microscope, laser beams, and the transistor. The theory of quantum mechanics has wide applications in nuclear physics and atomic energy. It constitutes the basis of our knowledge in spectroscopy, and is used in astronomy, chemistry, the internal composition of stars, ferromagnets, the properties of liquid helium, and some other theoretical research.

Werner Heisenberg was born in Germany in 1901 and obtained a Ph. He died in 1976 at the age of seventy-four, leaving his wife and seven children. It is believed that Heisenberg is the main figure responsible for the development of quantum mechanics, and that even if we distribute this honor, his exploits entitle him to a high position among the hundred.