موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١٠_ه

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 10_H

⏹ Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton
Sir Hooker, Joseph Dalton

English botanist (1817-1911)
Hooker was educated in Glasgow and accompanied Sir James Ross on an expedition to the South Pole. Then he made several trips to India, Palestine and North America, after that he worked as director of Kew Gardens, and he also held the position of president of the Royal Society.
Hooker was a friend of the scientist Darwin, so he participated with him in several researches and was effective in urging Darwin to publish the book The Origin of Species • The Origin of Species Hooker participated with George Bentham in issuing the famous reference:
Types of plants (Genera plantarum)
It was published in seven volumes between the years 1862-1883, and it included an explanation of the two scholars for the classification of plants, and it was an approved reference in the plants of Antarctica. Hooker became a member of the Order of Merit in 1907.

⏹ Hall, Asaph

American astronomer (1829 - 1907)
Hall began his life as a carpenter. And he showed interest in mathematics and astronomy, so he worked as an assistant to the astronomer Bond, then as a professor of mathematics at the Fleet Observatory in Washington. N.O. W from the years 1862-1891, Hall discovered during his work in the observatory in the year 1877 two satellites of Mars: He Deimos and Phobos, Phobos Deimos.

⏹ Hall, Charles Martin
Hall, Charles Martin

American chemist (1863 - 1914)
Familiarize Hall in Oberlin College in Ohio .
He discovered the preparation of aluminum by electrolysis in 1886, and aluminum was very precious to bauxite. At that time, it was a metal. Hall assumed the position of Vice President of the Aluminum Company in America.

⏹ Hall, Marshall Hall, Marshall

English physiologist (1790-1857)
Hall received his education in Edinburgh, Paris and Gettingen, then worked as a doctor in Nottingham. He discovered the reflex action. He announced his discovery in what he wrote under the title: Reflex activities of the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. Reflex Functions of the Medulla Oblongata and Medulla Spinalis
Despite the severe criticism that this theory was faced with, it later gained global acceptance as a result of the progress of functional concepts.
From his study of cold-blooded vertebrates, Hall concluded that the centers of reflexive actions are located in the spinal cord. Hall enjoyed a sincere human tendency, which is evident from his success in obtaining a decision banning whipping in the army.
He introduced a new method of breathing that bears his name and was used for a long time. He also developed a method for treating nervous disorders such as epilepsy.

⏹ Holmes, Arthur Holmes, Arthur

English geologist ( 1890 - )

Holmes studied in London and made many long trips to Africa and Burma. Then he worked as a professor of geology in Durham in 1924 and in Edinburgh in 1942 Holmes was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Holmes's studies were famous for determining the age of the Earth, especially with regard to the use of radioactive isotopes.
Holmes has written several books on geology, the most prominent of which is a book entitled: The Age of the Earth.

⏹ Holmes, Oliver Wendell
Holmes, Oliver Wendell

American physician and writer (1809-1894)
Holmes studied at Harvard and then worked there as a professor of anatomy. Holmes became famous as an essayist, then became famous as a doctor when he discovered that puerperal fever was contagious in 1843, and indicated that hand hygiene in midwifery (obstetrics) could prevent infection with this fever. This reference to the importance of hygiene ushered in an era of interest in disinfectant materials and hygiene.