موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٥_ه

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 5_H

Huxley, Thomas Henry
Huxley, Thomas Henry

English biologist (1825 - 1895)
Huxley is one of those scientists who find it difficult to do justice in a few words. He is the greatest biologists of the nineteenth century.
Huxley began studying medicine at the University of London, then worked as a surgeon in the Royal Navy, then a professor of natural history at the School of Mining. • He held several prestigious scientific positions. · Huxley used the word agnostic to describe the nature of thinking of many of the scientists of his time. Huxley strongly supported Darwin's theory, which was of importance in the scientific community due to Huxley's position in anatomy. Coxley introduced it in 1870, as well as the use of the word emergence.
biogenesis to express the concept that living matter arises from pre-existing living matter. It is worth reading what was written by L. Huxley Titled: The Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley T.H. Huxley Life and Letters of .

⏹ Huxley, Sir Julian Sorrell
Huxley, Sir Julian Sorell

English biologist (1887-)
Huxley received his education in a number of British institutes, and in Cambridge he received the Newdigate Medal in 1908. He is the grandson of the famous scientist Thomas Henry Huxley, who emerged in the same field.
Julian taught in many British universities and institutes. It was an encyclopedic process.
He was interested in the topic of evolution. Al-Ahyaa, he obtained a fellowship in the Royal Society and was the first Director-General of UNESCO 1946-1948, and he was awarded the title of Sir in 1958.
He wrote many important scientific books, including: He co-authored Animal Biology with a number of scientists in 1927.
The Science of Life, 1929 The Science of Life.
Evolution Restated, 1940.

⏹ Is Archibald Vivian
Hill, Archibald Vivian

English biochemist (1886- )
He learned in Cambridge, then went to the University of Manchester in 1920, then University College in 1923 to work as a professor of physiology, and he was chosen as a fellow of the Royal Society. Hull participated with the scientist Meyerhof in the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1922 for their research on heat loss in muscles as a result of contraction.
He has important researches on the consumption of oxygen in muscular processes (he measured the oxygen consumed by the cockroach). Did he assume several important positions, especially during the last world war.
He was a member of Parliament for the Cambridge region from 1940 to 1945, and he had a prominent role in organizing air defense in World War II.

⏹ Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von
Helmholtz Hermann - Ludwig Fredinand, Von

German physiologist and physicist (1821 - 1894)
Helmholtz was born in Potsdam and studied in Berlin to become a professor of anatomy at the Academy of Fine Arts in 1848, and after fluctuating in many university positions, he held the position of professor of physics in Berlin as one of the most prominent scientists of his time.
In the field of physiological acoustics, he entered into optics, so he invented the ophthalmometer, which is a device for measuring the corneal curvature radius. He also invented the “phakoscope” to measure the curvature of the lens of the eye, during the adjustment process. One of his most important inventions in this field was the ophthal microscope, which enabled him to examine the retina for the first time in 1851.
He also developed a well-known theory about the worldview.
In the field of physiological acoustics, he introduced his well-known theory and the theory of resonance in hearing. · One of Helmholtz's most prominent researches was his measurement of the speed of nerve impulses (120 meters per second) in vertebrate cold-blooded animals.
In the field of astronomy, he theoretically estimated the life of the sun and assumed that its energy is due to contraction. In the field of energy, Helmholtz introduced the idea of ​​free energy in (thermodynamics) kinetic heat, which is considered a classic contribution to the concept of energy conservation.
He also invented a “galvanometer,” which is considered a modification of the “contact galvanometer,” Tangent Gal. He also invented a “vanometer resonator for sound amplification.”
In the field of epistemology, Helmholtz opposed the concept of innate ideas and considered that knowledge is the outcome of data and information gained from experience and practice.