موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١_ك

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 1_k

⏹ Carruthers, Wallace Hume
Carothers Wallace Hume

American chemist (1896 - 1937)
Carruthers was educated in Tarquillo and in Illinois, then worked as a chemistry teacher, and after that he held a position as a research chemist with the Du Pont de Nemours Foundation.
Carruthers was an expert in plastics, and he was the inventor of a plastic material called “NYLON” (its letters are the first letters of the words of an American insult to the Japanese).
After the death of Carruthers, the invention was granted to the company he was working for in 1937. Nylon was produced from the synthetic materials known as Super polyamides.

⏹ Carroll, James Carroll, James

English physician (1854 - 1907)
When Carroll was in his early youth, he traveled to Canada and the United States, then joined the US Army as a doctor, working with the bacteriologist Reed, who was studying yellow fever.
Carroll deliberately delivered the disease infection to his body to prove the possibility of infection by a virus transmitted by a mosquito · Carroll then worked as a professor of bacteriology and pathology at Columbia and the Army Medical School (.A.M.S).

⏹ Carrel, Alexis Carrel

French biologist and surgeon (1873-1944)
Karel learned in Lyon and did medical research at the same university, as well as studies at the University of Chicago · He became a member of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in that period (1912).
One of Carrel's important contributions was his development of a special method for suturing blood vessels, which helped to replace injured arteries.
It worked on prolonging the lives of living tissues and treating wounds. What is mentioned about Karel in this regard is that he was able to keep a piece of a chicken heart alive for a long time by removing the harmful biological products around it and pruning it to control the growth of cells.

⏹ Kastner, Hamilton Young
Castner Hamilton Young

American chemist (1859 - 1899)
Castner was educated at Columbia University and then moved to Britain to work in analytical chemistry.
Kastner invented a method for extracting sodium from salt water by electrolysis, and partnered with Kellner to set up a company to prepare sodium by the aforementioned method.

⏹ Cassegrain, N. Cassegrain, N.

French physician (from the seventeenth century). Casgran became famous through his work as a professor at the Collège des Chartres. He was also known as the inventor of a reflective telescope, which is characterized by the fact that the rays emanating from its reflective mirrors (often a metal mirror) are reflected through a hole in its center by a small convex mirror, and thus vision is made available in this telescope in the line of sight as well. In the refractoscope, and although this telescope was not famous at the time, its important features such as the short tube and the effective focal length led to the revival of its use.
Some references indicate that Casgran wrote about sound amplification using amplifiers (megaphones).

⏹Castle, William Ernst
Castle, William Ernst

American biologist (1867 - ?)
Castle learned at Harvard and then worked as a professor of geology there. He also worked as a professor of genetics from 1908 to 1936 · Castle carried out extensive studies and experiments on special mice to study natural selection, and these mice had different hair colors.
Castle's studies showed the importance of mutation in species change • Castle wrote a number of books on the subject of heredity, natural selection and mutations.

⏹ Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de (Viscount)
Alexandre Henri and Gabriel de (Vicomte) Cassini

French botanist (1784-1832)
Alexander Cassini is the son of Jacques Dominique, and it is clear that he deviated from the family's traditional line of interest in astronomy, preferring to study botany over astronomy. Alexander wrote a book on plants, entitled: Botanical Manuals. ( Opuscles Phytologiques ) .

⏹ Cassini, Jacques Cassini

French astronomer (1677 - 1756) ·
Cassini is the son of the astronomer Giovanni Cassini. He succeeded his father as director of the Paris Observatory and continued his studies on the planet Saturn. He also made important studies about the shape of the Earth.