موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٤_ف

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 4_F

⏹ Frenel Augustin Jean
Fresnel, Augustine Jean

French physicist and engineer (1788-1827)
Fresnel studied in Caen and Paris and worked as an engineer in Paris. However, he directed his attention to physical studies, especially those related to light, and his engineering education helped him to build the devices that were necessary for his experiments in cooperation with the village blacksmith.
Fresnel was the first to produce effects attributed to the interference of light and appear in the form of edges known as "Fringes Fresnel's edges", which gave conclusive evidence for the theory of the wave nature of light. He also proved by experiment that white light consists of a number of different wavelengths of shades from red to blue
Violet.
He carried out extensive studies to prove the polarization of light, and the outcome of his work was to push the “wave theory” forward.
Fresnel invented a prism to display interference edges. In 1819, he was able to replace the reflectors used in lighthouses by lighthouses, to be replaced by lenses.
It is noteworthy that Fresnel's works did not receive sufficient appreciation during his lifetime.

⏹ Fisher, Emile Herrmann
Fischer, Emil Hermann

German chemist ( 1852 - 1919 )
Fisher trained under the famous scientist Kekulé in Bonn and under Baeyer in Strasbourg. He succeeded the well-known scientist Hoffmann in Berlin, and before that he had assumed a number of prestigious scientific centers.
Fisher is famous for his synthesis of a large number of important organic compounds. He is considered one of the most prominent organic chemists of the last century. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902.

⏹ Fischer, Otto Philip

German chemist ( 1852 - 1932 )
Fisher learned in Bonn, Strasbourg and Munich, then worked as a professor of chemistry at Otto Philip Fisher. He joined Ibn Erlangen, his uncle Emile Fisher, in studies on hydrazines, and Emil Fischer did a study on dyes.
Atto Fisher succeeded in preparing the first synthetic alkaloid-like organic compound known as Kairine.

⏹ Fischer, Hans

German chemist (1945 - 1881)
Fisher was educated in Lausanne, Marburg and Munich
In the latter, he worked as a professor of chemistry, then taught in other institutes, and then returned to the Munich Institute, as a professor of organic chemistry, then took over the management of the institute.
Fisher was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1930
For his research on blood compounds such as haemin and porphyrins.
He also studied chlorophyll (chlorophyll) and other similar compounds.
It was not clear how he died, and it is believed that it was not natural, as it is said that he committed suicide with the fall of Nazism in 1945.

⏹ Wagner, Evina Powell
Wigner, Eugene Paul

Hungarian-born physicist (1902-)
Wagner was educated at the Technical High School in Berlin. In 1938, he was appointed as a professor of physics at Princeton, in America, after emigrating to it.
Wengner, in cooperation with Bright, discovered the equation or formula known as the “Bright-Wagner equation” or the “Bright-Wagner equation”, as well as the idea called “the idea of ​​Neffner, for the spin (spinning) of the electron. He also worked with the physicist Fermi in building the first nuclear reactor in Chicago.
Filter is the recipient of an Atoms-for-Peace grant
In 1963, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Hensen and Gaubert. Mayer Goeppert - Mayer in recognition of their important research on the nucleus of the atom and the first particles.

⏹ Adolf Fick,

German physiologist
( 1901 - 1829 )
Fak worked with functional (physiological), natural and chemical studies, and he discovered the law that bears his name and states that the mass of dissolved matter that is being diffused over a unit area during a second is proportional to the concentration curve (the amount of increase and decrease).

⏹ Fake, Thomas Fick,

Danish mathematician (1561 - 1646)
He became famous for his book on geometry (geometry), in which he used for the first time the word tangent and secant.

⏹ Flammarion, Nicola Cami
Flammarion, Nicolas Camille

French astronomer (1842 - 1925)
Flammarion began his education by studying theology, then joined the Paris Observatory, due to his inclination to study astronomical phenomena. And one of his major discoveries was the movement of widely spaced stars, as he discovered that: the Plato depression, or the Plato depression, shows a simple color change due to the presence of primary plants, and he wrote a number of simplified books on astronomy. One of Flammarion's important achievements was the establishment of the French Astronomical Society in 1887.