تويت
التصوير الفوتوغرافي الحديث
التصوير الفوتوغرافي الأساسي للصور المتحركة
العنوان
عناوين العبارات
TITLING
No movie is complete without some titling - if for no other reason than to give it a name and to tell the audience when it is ended . A great deal of interesting titling can be done without any equipment at all by using natural titles . Highway signs , street signs , railroad station names , building plaques , streamliner names , steamship names on life preservers are all useful in giving location to travel or vacation pictures . Road maps and travel posters can serve the same purpose . A beach scene can be introduced by photographing a person's hand writing a short title in wet sand . The possibilities are endless . Two good examples are shown in Figures 27 and 28 .
Figure 27 A camp ground registration sign makes a good movie title .
Figure 28 A theater marquee can take the place of a title and provide better continuity .
Although some effective titling can be done without special equipment , it is usually advisable to have a titling outfit of some kind . It may be quite . inexpensive , consisting of a mount for the camera , a fixture for one or two lights and an easel on which to locate the material to be copied . Such a titler ( Figure 29 ) permits you to photograph typed or hand - lettered cards , snapshots with super - imposed lettering , color illustrations from books and magazines - in fact practically anything which can be set up in front of your camera .
Figure 29 A simple and inexpensive titling outfit .
The successful movie editor has one rule about titles . The best titled movie is the one with the fewest and shortest titles . All your efforts in editing should be directed toward making your film so interesting and easy to follow that it requires only a minimum of titles . Every time you find it necessary to add a title to explain something , chalk up a point against yourself .
When inserting titles into a movie , judgment is necessary to a greater degree than is commonly realized . Of course , the introductory title can hardly be misplaced since it obviously belongs first . However , you may want to be real fancy and copy the trick of starting the movie on a scene which serves as a prologue and then superimpose the title just as soon as the locale is established . Any title which breaks into a scene to explain the action or to set the stage for what is to follow , requires careful thought .
When a title is used to explain action such as the operation of a machine , don't place it at the very beginning of the scene unless the audience is already familiar in a general way with what is going on . It is often better to have the action go on for two or three seconds , flash on the explanatory title , and then go back to the action . Starting with the action first permits the audience to visualize what is going on while the title is being read , so it will be more readily understood .
Titles should be photographed so one foot of 8mm or two feet of 16mm film are used for every ten words to be read . A 15 - word title should thus be 18 inches long in 8mm or 3 ft . long in 16mm . This is on the generous side , particularly for long titles . It is always best , therefore , to read the title aloud when the film is first projected . If you are familiar with the title , you will tend to read too rapidly , so read it twice in succession and cut the filmed title to that length .
Little bits of action may often be used in lieu of titles to get over an idea or inform the audience . They are almost invariably better than titles because they do not break into the action and interrupt the continuity . As an example , if you want to indicate a lapse of four hours , photograph a clock reading , let us say 9 . o'clock ( Figure 30 ) and dissolve it into the same clock reading 1 o'clock . If you
Figure 30 A straight forward shot of an alarm clock can be used to indicate the beginning of a time lapse .
Figure 31 The same clock as in Figure 30 set to show a later hour indicates the passage of time with out the need for titles .
cannot do fades with your equipment , have someone in the picture look at or pick up the clock the second time ( Figure 31 ) . A more subtle method of indicating elapsed time is to show the start of a meal or any similar bit of action and then dissolve to the same scene when the meal is over and only the remains of dessert are left on the table . A hand tearing leaves from a calendar is still another method , useful for denoting longer lapses of time .
A journey can be suggested by a close - up of a train , bus or plane ( Figure 32 ) ; by a series of close - ups of a speedometer showing the mileage change ; by a rapidly spinning automobile wheel . A trip to foreign lands can be shown by a series of close - ups of travel literature , followed by a shot of an ocean liner or transoceanic plane , either of which can be made by copying travel literature .
If we were to expand our garden film into a full reel , we could make it a picture of the family gardening activities during a complete summer season . We could start by showing a close - up over Dad's shoulder of a seed catalog . This would immediately give us a clue to the next scene , and we would be well into our picture without any title at all .
Figure 32 An empty bus . parked in front of a wayside restaurant tells . its own story . No title is needed .
PHRASING TITLES
Titles should always be neat and simple . Avoid ornate , highly decorated lettering and title cards or settings . Although you can permit yourself such a title when introducing the film , they are bad when used anywhere else . The more attention - getting the title , the less is the likelihood that the audience will remember what the title said . Moreover , a plain card title permits the use of more words than a highly decorated title unless the lettering is made so small that it becomes difficult to read .
Use simple , direct language in your titles - don't try to sound too profound , philosophical or humorous . Never forget that titles are inserted as explanatory matter because you don't know how to do it with pictures . They should , therefore , attract as little attention as possible . A perfectly titled picture is one which the audience sees and understands without being conscious of the titles .
التصوير الفوتوغرافي الأساسي للصور المتحركة
العنوان
عناوين العبارات
TITLING
No movie is complete without some titling - if for no other reason than to give it a name and to tell the audience when it is ended . A great deal of interesting titling can be done without any equipment at all by using natural titles . Highway signs , street signs , railroad station names , building plaques , streamliner names , steamship names on life preservers are all useful in giving location to travel or vacation pictures . Road maps and travel posters can serve the same purpose . A beach scene can be introduced by photographing a person's hand writing a short title in wet sand . The possibilities are endless . Two good examples are shown in Figures 27 and 28 .
Figure 27 A camp ground registration sign makes a good movie title .
Figure 28 A theater marquee can take the place of a title and provide better continuity .
Although some effective titling can be done without special equipment , it is usually advisable to have a titling outfit of some kind . It may be quite . inexpensive , consisting of a mount for the camera , a fixture for one or two lights and an easel on which to locate the material to be copied . Such a titler ( Figure 29 ) permits you to photograph typed or hand - lettered cards , snapshots with super - imposed lettering , color illustrations from books and magazines - in fact practically anything which can be set up in front of your camera .
Figure 29 A simple and inexpensive titling outfit .
The successful movie editor has one rule about titles . The best titled movie is the one with the fewest and shortest titles . All your efforts in editing should be directed toward making your film so interesting and easy to follow that it requires only a minimum of titles . Every time you find it necessary to add a title to explain something , chalk up a point against yourself .
When inserting titles into a movie , judgment is necessary to a greater degree than is commonly realized . Of course , the introductory title can hardly be misplaced since it obviously belongs first . However , you may want to be real fancy and copy the trick of starting the movie on a scene which serves as a prologue and then superimpose the title just as soon as the locale is established . Any title which breaks into a scene to explain the action or to set the stage for what is to follow , requires careful thought .
When a title is used to explain action such as the operation of a machine , don't place it at the very beginning of the scene unless the audience is already familiar in a general way with what is going on . It is often better to have the action go on for two or three seconds , flash on the explanatory title , and then go back to the action . Starting with the action first permits the audience to visualize what is going on while the title is being read , so it will be more readily understood .
Titles should be photographed so one foot of 8mm or two feet of 16mm film are used for every ten words to be read . A 15 - word title should thus be 18 inches long in 8mm or 3 ft . long in 16mm . This is on the generous side , particularly for long titles . It is always best , therefore , to read the title aloud when the film is first projected . If you are familiar with the title , you will tend to read too rapidly , so read it twice in succession and cut the filmed title to that length .
Little bits of action may often be used in lieu of titles to get over an idea or inform the audience . They are almost invariably better than titles because they do not break into the action and interrupt the continuity . As an example , if you want to indicate a lapse of four hours , photograph a clock reading , let us say 9 . o'clock ( Figure 30 ) and dissolve it into the same clock reading 1 o'clock . If you
Figure 30 A straight forward shot of an alarm clock can be used to indicate the beginning of a time lapse .
Figure 31 The same clock as in Figure 30 set to show a later hour indicates the passage of time with out the need for titles .
cannot do fades with your equipment , have someone in the picture look at or pick up the clock the second time ( Figure 31 ) . A more subtle method of indicating elapsed time is to show the start of a meal or any similar bit of action and then dissolve to the same scene when the meal is over and only the remains of dessert are left on the table . A hand tearing leaves from a calendar is still another method , useful for denoting longer lapses of time .
A journey can be suggested by a close - up of a train , bus or plane ( Figure 32 ) ; by a series of close - ups of a speedometer showing the mileage change ; by a rapidly spinning automobile wheel . A trip to foreign lands can be shown by a series of close - ups of travel literature , followed by a shot of an ocean liner or transoceanic plane , either of which can be made by copying travel literature .
If we were to expand our garden film into a full reel , we could make it a picture of the family gardening activities during a complete summer season . We could start by showing a close - up over Dad's shoulder of a seed catalog . This would immediately give us a clue to the next scene , and we would be well into our picture without any title at all .
Figure 32 An empty bus . parked in front of a wayside restaurant tells . its own story . No title is needed .
PHRASING TITLES
Titles should always be neat and simple . Avoid ornate , highly decorated lettering and title cards or settings . Although you can permit yourself such a title when introducing the film , they are bad when used anywhere else . The more attention - getting the title , the less is the likelihood that the audience will remember what the title said . Moreover , a plain card title permits the use of more words than a highly decorated title unless the lettering is made so small that it becomes difficult to read .
Use simple , direct language in your titles - don't try to sound too profound , philosophical or humorous . Never forget that titles are inserted as explanatory matter because you don't know how to do it with pictures . They should , therefore , attract as little attention as possible . A perfectly titled picture is one which the audience sees and understands without being conscious of the titles .
تعليق