تويت
التصوير الفوتوغرافي الحديث
التصوير الصحفي
المعدات، الكاميرا ، فيلم
EQUIPMENT
THE CAMERA
The 4 x 5 press camera with groundglass focusing was for many years the standard press camera , and it is still used by many photographers who like the large negative because they can get better pictures with it . The groundglass is seldom used for general news photography , but it is available if time permits the careful composing and focusing which it provides . Ordinarily , focusing is done by the use of an attached rangefinder or by scale , whichever fits the circumstances better . Viewing is done through the attached small viewfinder or the wire sportsfinder where quick action must be followed with accuracy and a full size viewing image is essential .
With modern high quality precision cameras and lenses , the movement has been away from the bulky 4 x 5. A good many pressmen use roll film cameras with 120 film and get a picture size of 2 % x 2 % or 2 x 2 3/4 . The latter size is relatively new , but it has taken hold for two reasons . It takes a somewhat larger picture , particularly if good use is made of the rectangular format , and this size provides the same proportions as the standard 8 x 10 , so that there is no loss due to cropping .
If the roll film camera is of the reflex type , whether single or twin lens , it is best to provide it with a prism finder for viewing at eye level . The waist level position required without the prism has three very serious disadvantages for the press photographer :
1. It is much more difficult to shoot past the people in front of you when the camera is held at waist level .
2. In the reflex camera , the picture is reversed from left to right . If you are following action or waiting for a moving subject to get into the field of view , a certain amount of confusion is inevitable when you are watching a runner coming in from the left , then glance down into the viewfinder and catch him coming in from the right . While an experienced photographer automatically compensates for this sudden shift in direction , it is nevertheless confusing to many and it always introduces the possibility of error .
3. An eye level finder is much safer for the photographer in the middle of a crowd or when a lot of activity is going on around him . Some photographers can use one eye for viewing and keep the other eye open to glimpse any dangerous activity in their immediate vicinity . Even those photographers who do not possess this ability are nevertheless able to shift their eyes from camera to direct viewing and thus keep on the alert if they are in an exposed position .
More and more press photographers have adopted the 35mm as their standard camera . It is lighter , much more maneuverable , can be equipped with a much wider range of lenses at much more modest prices , and can give entirely . adequate picture quality up to the necessary 8 x 10 if it is properly handled . When light is poor and yet the exposure must be made by whatever light is available , the 35mm camera with its faster lenses has a distinct advantage over other types . If you decide to use 35mm camera , be sure that you know and practice the special techniques involved in its use . These are covered in considerable detail in Assignments 11 and 13 .
The 35mm camera is now the preferred in strument of many press photographers because it is un surpassed in the taking of avail able light pictures .
Courtesy of J. Oppenheim
It should be evident from the above discussion of cameras that there is considerable difference of opinion as to which type is best for press photography , and that the personal likes and dislikes of the individual photographer play a very important part in reaching the final decision . The main point to remember is that any good hand camera can be used successfully . More important than the type of camera , is your familiarity with and your ability to handle it properly . If , for example , you have a Speed Graphic and have become expert in its use , there is no need to give it up . If you think a more convenient 35mm single lens reflex would help you , get one and learn to use it , but at first use it only as a second camera and rely on the more familiar 4 X 5. Eventually you will find that you will use both cameras , choosing the one which fits the subject best .
Incidentally , the larger camera has one advantage for the student or the beginner who wants to break into press photography . Most people associate it with press photography , and if you carry one around , they will accept you more readily as a professional , even though you have no actual status . This advantage strong enough to induce you to buy one of these cameras if you have another , but if you do have a 4 x 5 , you may find it useful .
FILM
The press photographer never knows what demands will be made upon him when he goes out on an assignment . He may find far more activity of a newsworthy nature than his editor had anticipated , or he may be told to go out on a second assignment when he phones in his report on the first . For that reason , he must carry with him at all times an ample supply of films for whatever cameras he carries .
He should have some medium speed film with an ASA rating of from 125 to 250 for outdoor work , and fast film with an ASA rating of about 400 for shooting in poor light . It is generally best to avoid the use of the very fastest ultra speed films , but there will be times on an available light assignment when nothing else will do , so he should be prepared .
التصوير الصحفي
المعدات، الكاميرا ، فيلم
EQUIPMENT
THE CAMERA
The 4 x 5 press camera with groundglass focusing was for many years the standard press camera , and it is still used by many photographers who like the large negative because they can get better pictures with it . The groundglass is seldom used for general news photography , but it is available if time permits the careful composing and focusing which it provides . Ordinarily , focusing is done by the use of an attached rangefinder or by scale , whichever fits the circumstances better . Viewing is done through the attached small viewfinder or the wire sportsfinder where quick action must be followed with accuracy and a full size viewing image is essential .
With modern high quality precision cameras and lenses , the movement has been away from the bulky 4 x 5. A good many pressmen use roll film cameras with 120 film and get a picture size of 2 % x 2 % or 2 x 2 3/4 . The latter size is relatively new , but it has taken hold for two reasons . It takes a somewhat larger picture , particularly if good use is made of the rectangular format , and this size provides the same proportions as the standard 8 x 10 , so that there is no loss due to cropping .
If the roll film camera is of the reflex type , whether single or twin lens , it is best to provide it with a prism finder for viewing at eye level . The waist level position required without the prism has three very serious disadvantages for the press photographer :
1. It is much more difficult to shoot past the people in front of you when the camera is held at waist level .
2. In the reflex camera , the picture is reversed from left to right . If you are following action or waiting for a moving subject to get into the field of view , a certain amount of confusion is inevitable when you are watching a runner coming in from the left , then glance down into the viewfinder and catch him coming in from the right . While an experienced photographer automatically compensates for this sudden shift in direction , it is nevertheless confusing to many and it always introduces the possibility of error .
3. An eye level finder is much safer for the photographer in the middle of a crowd or when a lot of activity is going on around him . Some photographers can use one eye for viewing and keep the other eye open to glimpse any dangerous activity in their immediate vicinity . Even those photographers who do not possess this ability are nevertheless able to shift their eyes from camera to direct viewing and thus keep on the alert if they are in an exposed position .
More and more press photographers have adopted the 35mm as their standard camera . It is lighter , much more maneuverable , can be equipped with a much wider range of lenses at much more modest prices , and can give entirely . adequate picture quality up to the necessary 8 x 10 if it is properly handled . When light is poor and yet the exposure must be made by whatever light is available , the 35mm camera with its faster lenses has a distinct advantage over other types . If you decide to use 35mm camera , be sure that you know and practice the special techniques involved in its use . These are covered in considerable detail in Assignments 11 and 13 .
The 35mm camera is now the preferred in strument of many press photographers because it is un surpassed in the taking of avail able light pictures .
Courtesy of J. Oppenheim
It should be evident from the above discussion of cameras that there is considerable difference of opinion as to which type is best for press photography , and that the personal likes and dislikes of the individual photographer play a very important part in reaching the final decision . The main point to remember is that any good hand camera can be used successfully . More important than the type of camera , is your familiarity with and your ability to handle it properly . If , for example , you have a Speed Graphic and have become expert in its use , there is no need to give it up . If you think a more convenient 35mm single lens reflex would help you , get one and learn to use it , but at first use it only as a second camera and rely on the more familiar 4 X 5. Eventually you will find that you will use both cameras , choosing the one which fits the subject best .
Incidentally , the larger camera has one advantage for the student or the beginner who wants to break into press photography . Most people associate it with press photography , and if you carry one around , they will accept you more readily as a professional , even though you have no actual status . This advantage strong enough to induce you to buy one of these cameras if you have another , but if you do have a 4 x 5 , you may find it useful .
FILM
The press photographer never knows what demands will be made upon him when he goes out on an assignment . He may find far more activity of a newsworthy nature than his editor had anticipated , or he may be told to go out on a second assignment when he phones in his report on the first . For that reason , he must carry with him at all times an ample supply of films for whatever cameras he carries .
He should have some medium speed film with an ASA rating of from 125 to 250 for outdoor work , and fast film with an ASA rating of about 400 for shooting in poor light . It is generally best to avoid the use of the very fastest ultra speed films , but there will be times on an available light assignment when nothing else will do , so he should be prepared .
تعليق