عناصر ومراحل تطور عملية الاعلام الاجتماعي ٥_a .. كتاب دراسات نظرية في علم الصحافة

It is never possible for the appearance and essence of things to coincide, and as Karl Marx said: If the appearance of things matches their essence, then any science will be redundant and unnecessary.

There are other forms of thinking within logical knowledge that are based on one of these forms, the premise _ the assumption _ given - (Statement). An introduction is a form of emphasizing something. Like saying, for example. The human hand has five fingers (and the introductions may connect with each other to form another form of thinking, which is the result) (conclusion). For example:

- All members of the course receive a monthly salary of 200 dinars.

- Mr. (M) is a member of the session.

- Mr. (M) receives a monthly salary of 200 dinars.

The result is a new premise, reached on the basis of other premises. Through conclusions from the available knowledge, we can reach new knowledge. This is why introductions are so important.

From what we have mentioned so far about the theory of knowledge, it can be concluded that human thinking is not only concerned with nature and society, but also with human thinking itself. The greatest part of our current knowledge of human knowledge and logic is based on the great Greek philosopher Aristotle, who lived 2,300 years ago. Aristotle developed an integrated theory of knowledge, starting from sensations and up to concepts and conclusions.

There are higher forms of knowledge, which are hypothesis and theory, which are a complex combination of concepts, premises, and conclusions. Thus, we see that knowledge cuts a long way during its development from simple sensations to complex scientific theories.

3_ About social media:

After we have explained how human knowledge comes into existence, we move on to talk about how the informant (or transmitter or teacher) transfers his knowledge to other people, and thus how the social media process takes place. We will be exposed to the mental processes and the problems related to the topic: How knowledge is transformed into information.

Social media is a necessary need for human society. For without the existence of an exchange of information between human beings, the human race would not have existed before, and it would not exist now.

The required knowledge depends on and depends on the diverse information within the community. Likewise, the acquaintance of a human being with our experience on the pencil was not just an isolated incident. In our experience, a person can recognize the pencil only on the basis of previous social information. His mother may have told him many times that something that looks like this is a pencil, and she also taught him how to use it. Later, the professor taught him the English name for the pen. That is, the mother and the teacher have passed on to him the knowledge that previous generations have reached and accumulated. Marx said: “Consciousness is from the beginning a social product, and it will remain so as long as people exist.

Knowledge as a component of media content:

In the second section of this study, we have dealt with the conditions prior to the information process, namely recognition and knowledge. We must emphasize here that the media does not convey the facts (the facts), but rather it conveys knowledge of these facts (the facts).

Suppose, for argument's sake, that the informant (journalist) has known (seen or reversed) a specific subject. For our scheme (depicted above), this means establishing a line for the new knowledge that the journalist has obtained from objective reality. Knowing this journalist can be about:

A - Something happened, he saw it himself or .

B - Information about an event.

For example:

A - The informant (or journalist) may have been at the airport and saw the prime minister's arrival. Now the journalist has knowledge of this access. or .

B - The informant may have read one of the news agencies' bulletins, and saw in it a piece of news about the Prime Minister's arrival at the airport. In this case, the informant also has knowledge of this access.

There are certain knowledge of different levels. The first level is direct knowledge, and the second is indirect knowledge. In the first case, new knowledge is a reflection of the objective world. In the second case, the new knowledge is a reflection made by another person of the objective reality. These two kinds of reflections are necessary in journalism in all cases, as long as our newspapers do not have private informants to cover events.

Let's go back to the first case. We can say that the reflection of the event (imaging it) in the mind of the informant corresponds to the objective incident. With the reflection of the event (photographed) in the mind of two informants who were present at the moment of its occurrence, it will differ to a certain extent. This disagreement appears when analyzing sensory perceptions. The result of logical analysis depends, in addition to sensory perceptions, on the world of ideas, perceptions, concepts and judgments stored in the mind of the informant, or, in other words, on the totality of his knowledge. During logical analysis, sensory perceptions are linked to pre-existing ideas, perceptions, and concepts. Here the detective enjoys the characteristic (advantage) of a person who is rich in ideas and perceptions resulting from different experiences in life and a strong memory. There is another characteristic possessed by that informant, who in addition to that has clear, correct and scientific concepts and perceptions, and he stored them in their real (i.e. scientific) relationships.

There is no doubt that we find that a significant number of journalists have confused, ambiguous, and chaotic concepts, and for this reason, the results of the analytical thought of this type of journalist must be wrong. The study of social sciences is necessary for the journalist who deals with social issues in order to objectively address these issues. The treatment of the journalist must be wrong, if his concepts and trials do not match the objective reality.

The goal as an element in the media process:

We now come to the point where knowledge is transformed into information (information). We assume for the sake of argument now that the informant has reached, through the analysis, a sound estimate of the event. The next step he takes is choice: first of all, the journalist must decide whether the event is important enough for the receiver to be transmitted, or, in other words, whether the knowledge of this particular event will be turned into information. This is the choice (selection or selection) in its basic sense.

If the decision is positive, the journalist has to decide which aspects of the event to report and tell (know) about. He will divide his new knowledge and classify it into essential and non-essential facts. Thus, he is likely to choose from the fact (fact, event) where the Prime Minister comes from, and he will neglect the fact that the Prime Minister wears a blue tie. This is the second stage of the selection process.